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MICROBIO PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES > asdf > Flashcards

asdf Flashcards

1
Q

consistent means to classify, name (nomenclature), and identify organism.

A

TAXONOMY

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2
Q

DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS and SPECIES

A

Hierarchical system of classification

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3
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

Carl Linnaeus

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4
Q

generic name and begin with capital letter.

A

GENUS name

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5
Q

specific name and begin with small letter.

A

SPECIES name

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6
Q

single-celled organisms (prokaryotes) that belongs to Domain Bacteria.

A

Bacteria (Bacterium if singular)

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7
Q

is the largest bacteria 0.75mm it shines white because of internal sulfur

A

THIOMARGARITA NAMIBIENSIS

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8
Q

Bacteria can be classified based on their shaped: coccus/cocci

A

Spherical

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9
Q

Bacteria can be classified based on their shaped: bacillus/ bacilli

A

Rod – Shaped

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10
Q

Bacteria can be classified based on their shaped: others

A

Spiral – shaped

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11
Q

single cells

A

Coccus

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12
Q

in pairs; spherical, flattened, elongated, or bean-shaped

A

Diplococci

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12
Q

long chains; immotile and gram-positive; present in family streptococcaceae

A

Streptococci

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13
Q

four cells; divide into 2 planes

A

Tetrad

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13
Q

eight cells; divide in perpendicular plane; strict anaerobe

A

Sarcina

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14
Q

single cells; endospores; anaerobes

A

BACILLUS

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14
Q

grape-like clusters; cell divides in both the planes; immotile and gram-positive

A

Staphylococci

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14
Q

resemble both as cocci and bacilli; shorter and stumpy

A

Coccabacilli

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15
Q

comma

A

Vibrio

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15
Q

– in pairs; after cell division, the 2 cells do not divide and grow in attached arrangement

A

Diplobacilli

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15
Q

– chains; cell divides in single chain

A

Streptobacilli

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16
Q

spiral bacteria having helical shape; flexible

A

Spirochetes

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16
Q

picket structure

A

Pallisades

17
Q

thick; purple; pentapeptide; tetrapeptide

A

b. Gram-positive bacteria

17
Q

same with spirochetes but more rigid; lack endoflagella

A

Spirilla

17
Q

thin peptidoglycan cell walls; light red or pink; direct link

A

a. Gram-negative bacteria

18
Q

bacteria can’t be stained; species of mycoplasma, chlamydia and rickettsia

A

c. Atypical

18
Q

GRAM STAINING was developed by

A

HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM

19
Q

categorizes bacteria acc. to their Gram character; allows determination of cell morphology, size and arrangement

A

Gram staining

20
Q

outer layer enclosing the cytoplasm:

A
  1. Cell envelope
21
Q

prevent the cell from expanding & bursting due to water uptake; encloses the protoplasm

A

a. Cell wall

22
Q

present immediately beneath the cell wall/ inner surface of cell wall and separating it from cytoplasm

A

b. Cytoplasmic or plasma membrane –

23
Q

sugar coat; thick outer covering of the plasma membrane

A
  • Glycocalyx
24
Q

consist of polysaccharide molecules with the cell wall; thicker than slime layer; acts as virulence to evade phagocytosis.

A

a. Capsule

25
Q

– glycoproteins molecules; thin glycocalyx layer; aids in the adherence; protects the cell from dehydration and nutrient loss

A

b. Slime layer

26
Q

flagella, pili, fimbriae

A
  • Filamentous appendages
27
Q

for motility present in swimming and swarming bacteria; long hair like helical filaments;

A

a. Flagella

28
Q

longer, thicker and fewer in number than fimbriae; long conjugation or sex pili – aid in bacterial conjugation – transfers genetic material to another contact

A

b. Pili

29
Q

threads or fibers; tiny bristle – shorter and thinner than long conjugation pili; attaches the bacterium to surface

A

c. Fimbriae

30
Q

containing variety of organic and inorganic solutes containing 80% h2o and 20% salts and proteins; rich in ribosomes, DNA & fluid; site for cell’s biochemical and synthetic activities

A
  1. Cytoplasm
31
Q

protein synthesis; smaller than the ribosomes of eukaryotic cell

A
  1. Ribosomes
32
Q

vesicular tubules formed by invagination of plasma membrane into cytoplasm; principal sites of respiratory enzyme

A
  1. Mesosome
33
Q

most bacteria have single large circular chromosome, but this is not universal. Many species have multiple chromosomes, other species have linear chromosomes.it is located in a nucleoid and many bacteria contain extra-chromosomal elements such as plasmids.

A
  1. Bacterial Chromosome
34
Q

has ability to absorb excess of nutrients in the environment and they are the storage reserve for granule, phosphates and other substances. Can take the form of granules, crystals or globules, some are amorphous.

A
  1. Cytoplasmic inclusions
35
Q

spores” (simplified forms of bacteria) consisting of the DNA genome. Virtually immortal and can be re-activated after lying dormant for hundreds or perhaps millions of years. It can be nearly impossible to prevent infections caused by pathogenic species of class bacilli and class clostridia.

A

BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE

36
Q

from the active vegetative cell to release and germination.

A

Sporulation cycle

37
Q

unicellular organisms. It is extremophiles.

A

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

38
Q

is an organism that thrives in extreme conditions.

A

Extremophile

39
Q

composed of ether linkages with branched isoprene chains

A

a. Archaeal cell membrane

40
Q
  • lack peptidoglycan, some contain pseudopeptidoglycan or pseudomurein.
A

b. Archaeal cell walls

41
Q

Living functions of the archaeon is in the _______ and where the DNA is located and exists as a single loop called a plasmid

A

cytoplasm

42
Q

how many flagella does it have?

A

1 or more

43
Q

used for attachment to surfaces

A
  1. Pili
44
Q

unique archaean structure; discovered in marine archaeal strain; hollow tube like structures; means of anchoring a community of cells to a surface

A
  1. Cannulae
45
Q

unique to archaea; long helical tube with 3 hooks; allow cells to attach both to one another and to surface.

A
  1. Hami or (hamus) if singular structure

MICROBIO PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES (5 decks)

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