Protozoa Flashcards
Vector definition
Disease transmitted through a vector, not human-human (malaria)
Protozoan transmission routes (5)
- Ingestion
- Vectors
- Sexual contact
- Transovarial
- Placental
Protozoan symptoms caused by (3)
- Damaging host tissue
- Toxic products
- Immune response, inflammation and chronic
Sporozoite
Infective stage of Plasmodium (Malaria)
Schizogony
Asexual reproduction of Plasmodium (Malaria)
Merozoites
Effector state of Plasmodium (Malaria)
Ring Stage
Cyclic stage of Plasmodium (Malaria) infection for growing Merozoites and rupture of RBCs
Gametocytes
Some merozoites infect new cells other go on to develop male and female forms (gametocytes)
Trophozoite
Active, growing stage of Plasmodium (Malaria) during the ring stage
Role of Duffy Antigen and Plasmodium (Malaria)
Duffy antigen is a surface antigen that facilitate the invasion of RBC
Echinocytosis
Invasion of Plasmodium (Malaria) can cause ionic imbalance which disturbs the membrane of RBC. Evens out on its own
Describe cyclical malarial fever
Asexual cycle syncs up. The rupture of RBCs leads to merozoites and toxin release. Binds to receptors and releases inflammatory cytokines -> Elevate core body temp
Effect of dense granules relased from Plasmodium to RBCs
Parasite infected RBCs produce surface Ags that are produced by the dense granules - changes the surface of RBC (3 different types)
How many groups of RBC presenting Plasmodium antigen are there
3 PfeEMP1 - adhesin RIFINs - adhesin STEVOR - rosette forming adhesin Helps to evade the immune system
Exocytoplasmic vacuole pathogenesis for Cryptosporidiosis
Created a bubble to hide itself from the immune system
Humans role in Toxoplasmosis life cycle
Terminal hosts. Incidental hosts occurs due to human interaction with natural hosts
Tachyzoites and bradyzoites
Toxoplasma components of Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis and neonates
Can be transmitted from mother -> baby. Infection can be worse during 1st/2nd trimester
Parasitoophorous vacuole (PV) Toxoplasmosis
Bubble formation to evade the immune system
Main structure of Apicomplexa (obligate intracellular)
Apical complex: Pointy structure helps with invasion into host cell. Mechanical and secretory components
Oocyst function
Dormant, protective state
