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RobsCCNA > Protocols > Flashcards

Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

TCP and UDP

A

Transported inside of IP
– Encapsulated by the IP protocol
* Two ways to move data from place to place
– Different features for different applications
* OSI Layer 4
– The transport layer
* Multiplexing
– Use many different applications at the same time
– TCP and UDP

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2
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol
Connection-oriented network communication
* Connection-oriented
– A formal connection setup and close
* “Reliable” delivery
– Recovery from errors
– Can manage out-of-order messages or retransmissions
* Flow control
– The receiver can manage how much data is sent

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3
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol
Connectionless network communication
* Connectionless
– No formal open or close to the connection
* “Unreliable” delivery
– No error recovery
– No reordering of data or retransmissions
* No flow control

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4
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol
– “Text messaging” for your network devices
* Another protocol carried by IP - Not used for data transfer
* Devices can request and reply to administrative requests
– Hey, are you there? / Yes, I’m right here.
* Devices can send messages when things don’t go well
– That network you’re trying to reach is not reachable from here
– Your time-to-live expired, just letting you know

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5
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol - udp/161 - Gathers statistics from network devices
* v1 – The original – Structured tables, in-the-clear
* v2 – A good step ahead – Data type enhancements, bulk transfers – Still in-the-clear
* v3 – The new standard – Message integrity, authentication, encryption

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6
Q

ARP

A

Address Resolution Protocol - Resolves IP (logical) address to MAC (physical)

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7
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System - udp/53 - Converts names to IP addresses - Large transfers may use tcp/53

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8
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - udp/67, udp/68
* Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask and other options. Requires a DHCP server
* Dynamic / pooled
– IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool
– Each system is given a lease
– Must renew at set intervals
* Reserved
– Addresses are assigned by MAC address
– Quickly manage addresses from one location

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9
Q

HTTP

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - tcp/80
– Communication in the browser
– And by other applications
* In the clear
– Supported by nearly all web servers and clients

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10
Q

HTTPS

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - tcp/443
– Communication in the browser
– And by other applications
* encrypted (over TLS/SSL)
– Supported by nearly all web servers and clients

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11
Q

LDAP

A

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) - tcp/389
– Store and retrieve information in a network directory

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12
Q

LDAPS

A

(LDAP Secure) - tcp/636
– A non-standard implementation of LDAP over SSL
– Still in use today

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13
Q

Syslog

A

udp/514
* Standard for message logging
– Diverse systems, consolidated log
* Usually a central log collector
– Integrated into the SIEM
* You’re going to need a lot of disk space
– Data storage from many devices over an extended timeframe

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14
Q

NTP

A

Network Time Protocol - udp/123
* Switches, routers, firewalls, servers, workstations
– Every device has its own clock
* Synchronizing the clocks becomes critical
– Log files, authentication information, outage details
* Automatic updates
* Flexible - You control how clocks are updated
* Very accurate
– Accuracy is better than 1 millisecond

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15
Q

IMAP4

A

Internet Message Access Protocol v4 - tcp/143
– Manage email inbox from multiple clients
* Receive emails from an email server
– Authenticate and transfer

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16
Q

POP3

A

Post office Protocol version 3 - tcp/110
– Basic mail transfer functionality
* Receive emails from an email server
– Authenticate and transfer

17
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol tcp/25
– Server to server email transfer
* Also used to send mail from a device to a mail server
– Commonly configured on mobile devices and email clients
* Other protocols are used for clients to receive email
– IMAP, POP3

18
Q

TFTP

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol – udp/69
– Very simple file transfer application
* Read files and write files
– No authentication - Not used on production systems

19
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol – tcp/20 (active mode data), tcp/21 (control)
– Transfers files between systems
– Authenticates with a username and password
– Full-featured functionality (list, add, delete, etc.)

20
Q

SFTP

A

Secure FTP - tcp/22
* Uses the SSH File Transfer Protocol
* Provides file system functionality
– Resuming interrupted transfers, directory listings, remote file removal

21
Q

SIP

A

Session Initiation Protocol - tcp/5060 and tcp/5061
* Voice over IP (VoIP) signaling
* Setup and manage VoIP sessions
– Call, ring, hang up
* Extend voice communication
– Video conferencing

22
Q

SMB

A

Server Message Block - tcp/445
* Protocol used by Microsoft Windows
– File sharing, printer sharing
– Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System)
* Direct over tcp/445 (NetBIOS-less)
* Direct SMB communication over TCP

23
Q

Telnet

A

Telnet – Telecommunication Network - tcp/23
Remote console login to network devices
* Login to devices remotely
* Console access
* In-the-clear communication
* Not the best choice for production systems

24
Q

SSH

A

Secure Shell - tcp/22
* Encrypted communication link
* Looks and acts the same as Telnet

25
Q

RDP

A

Remote Desktop Protocol - tcp/3389
* Share a desktop from a remote location
* Remote Desktop Services on many Windows versions
* Can connect to an entire desktop or just an application
* Clients for Windows, MacOS, Linux, iPhone, and others

26
Q

MySQL

A

MySQL free and open-source database - tcp/3306
Oracle’s open-source SQL services
– Ultimately acquired by Oracle

27
Q

MS-SQL

A

Microsoft SQL Server tcp/1433
– MS-SQL (Microsoft Structured Query Language)

28
Q

SQL *Net

A

Oracle SQL *Net tcp/1521
Oracle SQL services
– Also called Oracle Net or Net8

29
Q

TCP and UDP ports can be any number
between ____ and ____

A

0 and 65,535

30
Q

Non-ephemeral ports –permanent port numbers

A

Ports 0 through 1,023

31
Q

Ephemeral ports – temporary port numbers

A

Ports 1,024 through 65,535, Determined in real-time by the clients

32
Q

IPv4 socket is

A

Server IP address, protocol, server application port number
Client IP address, protocol, client port number

RobsCCNA (13 decks)

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