PROTOCOL CONCEPTS Flashcards
What are network protocols?
an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different devices in the same network.
What do protocols define in a network?
- Interface to higher layers (API)
- Interface to peer
- Format and order of messages
- Actions taken on receipt of a message
Name the Protocol involved with the following services:
WWW Server, File transfer, File sharing, Internet mail, Automatic Address Configuration, Network Administration
WWW Server- HTTP File transfer-FTP, TFTP File sharing- NFS Internet mail-STMP, IMAP Automatic Address Configuration- DHCP Network Administration- SNMP
Describe Best effort
Best-effort delivery describes a network service in which the network does not provide any guarantee that data is delivered or that delivery meets any quality of service. Under best-effort, network performance characteristics such as network delay and packet loss depend on the current network traffic load. When network load increases, this can lead to packet loss, retransmission, packet delay variation, and further network delay, or even session disconnect.
Best-effort can be contrasted with reliable delivery, which can maintain a defined quality of service.
There are no guarantees on:
Variable delays (jitter)- Delays should be fixed
Variable rate- No stable transmission rates
Packet losses
Duplicates
Reordering
Describe message encoding, Formatting and encapsulation
Encoding is the process of converting information into another acceptable form, for transmission. Decoding reverses this process in order to interpret the information.
A message that is sent over a computer network follows specific format rules for it to be delivered and processed.
Encapsulation is the process of enclosing one type of packet using another type of packet. Similar to putting a letter in an envelope.
What are the benefits of using a layered method
- Assisting in protocol design since protocols at each layer have defined functions.
- Fostering competition because products from different vendors can work together.
- Preventing technology changes in one layer from affecting other layers.
- Providing a common language to describe networking functions and capabilities.
What is the use of https?
hypertext transfer protocol secure, is widely used to protect the transfer of sensitive information
What is the use of FTP?
file transfer
What is the use of SMTP?
The server that holds your e-mail uses SMTP, or simple mail transfer
protocol, to exchange mail with other e-mail servers throughout the
world.
What is the use of TCP/IP?
(transmission control protocol/Internet
protocol)
Devices and computers connected to the Internet use a protocol
suite called TCP/IP to communicate with each other.
What is ICMP?
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used to test connectivity and send control and error messages. • The ping command is part of ICMP.
What is an application protocol?
defines the content and formatting of the requests and responses exchanged between the client and server
What is a Transport Protocol?
manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients
What is the Internetwork Protocol
responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP, encapsulating them into packets, assigning the appropriate addresses, and selecting the best path to the destination host.
What is the Network Access Protocol?
Network access protocols describe two primary functions, data link management and the physical transmission of data on the media.
