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Gen Bio 2 > Protists (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Protists (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Alternation of Generations

A

A life cycle characteristic of plants and some protists. Mitosis occurs during both the haploid and diploid stages of the life cycle. Meiosis produces haploid spores (sporic meiosis). Gametes are produced through cellular differentiation following mitosis.

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2
Q

Alveolata

A

Group of protists, major clade/super phylum in eukarya, grouped with stramenopiles/rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria (SAR)

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3
Q

Amoebozoan

A

Taxonomic group that have pseudopods and cell divided into an endoplasm and ectoplasm layers

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4
Q

Amoeba

A

Unicellular eukaryotic organism with no definite shape, moving by pseudopodia

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5
Q

Apicomplexan

A

Have an apical complex, organelle that appears as a conical structure with a tapered (apical) end, usually unicellular, spore-forming and parasitic

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6
Q

Archaeplastida

A

Group containing almost all of the primary algae, almost all photosynthetic

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7
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Use energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.

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8
Q

Biological Carbon Pump

A

When bacteria feed on dead remains and change the organic carbon into carbon dioxide/water/mineral nutrients

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9
Q

Bioluminescence

A

Production of light from a living organism

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10
Q

Brown Algae

A

Multicellular, photosynthetic protist with a characteristic brown/olive color, resulting from carotenoids in its plastids, mostly marine with a plant like body

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11
Q

Cellular Slime Mold

A

Groups of unicellular amoebae that collaborate to form fruiting structures to disperse seeds

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12
Q

Cerozoan

A

Phylum of diverse unicellular eukaryotes, share rRNA, actin, and polyubiquitin

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13
Q

Charophyte

A

Group of green algae whose ancestral lineage gave rise to plants

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14
Q

Chlorophyte

A

Taxonomic group comprised of green algae that live in marine habitats, some on freshwater, some on land

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15
Q

Choanoflagellate

A

A protist lineage that are the closest relatives to animals

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16
Q

Cilia

A

Short microtubule containing appendage specialized for locomotion/moving fluid past the cell

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17
Q

Ciliate

A

Type of protist that moves by the means of cilia

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18
Q

Colonial

A

Group of cells living together, where all cells can carry out all necessary functions of life

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19
Q

Consumer

A

Any organisms that depends on autotrophs for food/nutrition/energy

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20
Q

Contractile Vacuole

A

Osmoregulatory vesicle that fills with water, enters by osmosis, then contracts to squeeze water out of the cell

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21
Q

Cyst

A

Closed, sac-like pocket of tissue that can form anywhere

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22
Q

Cytoplasmic Streaming

A

Rapid movement of organelles and other cellular components throughout the cell, depends on actin/filaments/motor proteins, important in cell growth

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23
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Microscopic network of protein filaments/tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells giving them shape/coherance

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24
Q

Diatom

A

Unicellular algae containing a glass-like cell wall made of silicon dioxide

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25
Dinoflagellate
Group of mostly unicellular, photosynthetic algae with 2 flagella in perpendicular grooves in cellulose plants covering the cell
26
Diplomonad
Small zooflagellates that are in the digestive tracts of many animals, 2 nuclei, 4 flagella
27
Diplontic
Life cycle which is dominated by the diploid stage
28
Endosymbiosis
A process in which a unicellular organism engulfs another cell, living without the host cell, and becomes an organelle within the host cell
29
Endosymbiotic Theory
Hypothesis that various organelles in eukaryotic cells are descendants of endosymbiosis
30
Euglenid
Group of flagellates that are green/colorless, live alone, have 1/2 flagella from the food-intake opening
31
Euglenozoan
Monophyletic group of flagellated protists that are free-living, symbiotic, and parasitic, photosynthetic autotrophs
32
Excavata
Supergroup of protists that have an asymmetrical appearance with a feeding groove, contains both heterotrophs and autotrophs
33
Flagella
Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion
34
Foram
Aquatic protist that secretes a hardened test with calcium carbonate, extends pseudopodia through pores in the test
35
Golden Age
Age of manipulation of genes and metabolism in organisms that allows for deeper studying
36
Green Algae
Photosynthetic algae that are characterized by having chlorophylls
37
Gymnomoeba
Fungi
38
Haplontic
Life cycle characteristic of fungi/some protists where mitosis occurs during the haploid stage of the life cycle and meiosis occurs immediately following the formation of the zygote
39
Heterotroph
Organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms/substances derived from them
40
Hydrogenosome
Membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, releases H2 as a by-product of energy generation under anaerobic conditions
41
Kinetoplast
Specialized region of the mitochondria that has the most complex and unusual mitochondrial DNA found in nature
42
Kinetoplastid
Group of flagellated protozoan with DNA kinetoplast in their mitochondrion
43
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, membrane bound organelle that produces most of the energy for the cell
44
Mitosome
45
Mixotroph
An organism that is capable of both photosynthesis and heterotrophy
46
Multicellular
A group of cells living together where cells specialize to carry out particular life functions, coordination is needed to make up a complete living organism
47
Nucleus
Membrane enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes
48
Oomycetes
Water molds that have 100s of organisms
49
Opisthokont
Group of protists containing a singular posterior flagellum
50
Parabasalid
Flap-like connection between the cell membrane and the flagellum
51
Pellicle
Outer cell covering with interlocking protein strips that function like armor, preventing cells from being torn/pierced without compromising their range of motion
52
Phagolysosome
Digestive vesicle formed within a cell by the fusion of a phagosome containing ingested material with hydrolytic enzymes
53
Plankton
Organism carried by tides/currents and can't swim to move against it
54
Plasmodial Slime Mold
Enclosed within a single membrane without walls and is one large cell
55
Plastid
One of a group of related organelles in plant cells that are involved in the storage of starches, fats, proteins and pigments
56
Primary Endosymbiosis
Original internalization of prokaryotes by an ancestral eukaryotic cell, resulting in the mitochondria and chloroplasts
57
Producer
Organism that creates sugar
58
Protist
Informal term applied to any eukaryote that isn't a plant, animal, or fungus
59
Pseudopodia
A cellular extension of amoeboid cells in moving and feeding
60
Radiolarian
Holoplanktonic protozoa that are non-motile, can be solitary or colonial
61
Raphe
A slit in the silica shell in some diatoms that can expel a stream of mucopolysaccharides allowing the diatom to propel/attach itself to a substrate
62
Red Algae
A photosynthetic protist with a red pigment that masks the chlorophyll, usually multicellular and marine
63
Rhizarian
Group of amoeba like protists with thin threadlike, needle-like or root-like pseudopodia
64
Saprobe
Organism that derives nutrients from decaying organic matter
65
Secondary Endosymbiosis
When a eukaryotic cell engulfs a cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis
66
Slime Molds
Soil-dwelling amoeba, brainless, unicellular organism, containing multiple nuclei
67
Stramenopile
Vast/complex group of organisms with both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cell types with both unicellular and multicellular species
68
Test
Porous shell of a foram that is built from various organic materials and typically hardened with calcium carbonate
69
Unicellular
An organism of a single cell

Gen Bio 2 (4 decks)

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