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Gen Bio 2 > Plants (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Plants (Exam 1) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Adventitious

A

Plant roots that form any non-root tissue during normal development

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2
Q

Antheridia

A

Male gametangia

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3
Q

Apical Meristem

A

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots

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4
Q

Archegonia

A

Female reproductive organ in ferns/mosses, and some gymnosperms

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5
Q

Bryophytes

A

A nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants

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6
Q

Capsule

A

Dry fruit that opens when ripe

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7
Q

Club Mosses

A

Nickname for lycophytes, vascular plants with little height

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8
Q

Cuticle

A

A waxy covering on the surface of stems/leaves that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants

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9
Q

Diplontic

A

Organisms life cycle dominated by diploid stage

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10
Q

Embryophyte

A

Any subkingdom of plants where the embryo is in the maternal tissue (Bryophytes)

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11
Q

Extant

A

Seed plants such as angiosperms (Cycads, conifers, ginkgo, gnetales)

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12
Q

Extinct

A

No living members, both in the world or in the clade

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13
Q

Fern

A

Flowerless plant, seedless vascular

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14
Q

Foot

A

Part of plant that remains embedded in the tissues of the gametophyte throughout development

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15
Q

Gametangia

A

Organs that create gametes by mitosis

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16
Q

Gemmae

A

Modified leaf with small growth bud/plant in its palm, consists of small leaves protecting the growth apex and red stub of the new root

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17
Q

Haplodiplontic

A

Alternation of Generations, multicellular diploid/haploid stages

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18
Q

Haplontic

A

Diploid zygote but somatic body has a haploid number of chromosomes

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19
Q

Heterosporous

A

Referring to a plant species that has 2 kinds of spores, microspores/megaspores

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20
Q

Homosporous

A

Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte

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21
Q

Hornwort

A

Species of ceratophyllum, submerged free floating aquatic plant

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22
Q

Horsetail

A

Family of ferns that reproduce by spores rather than seeds

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23
Q

Lignin

A

A strong polymer embedded in the cellulose matrix of the secondary cell walls of vascular plants cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species

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24
Q

Liverwort

A

Non-vascular land plants that have a gametophyte dominant life cycle

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25
Q

Lycophyte

A

Vascular plant subgroup that have microphylls and have haploid spores that grow into bisexual gametophytes

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26
Q

Megaphyll

A

A leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants

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27
Q

Megaspore

A

Type of spore that are in heterosporous plants, female gametophyte

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28
Q

Microphyll

A

In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein

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29
Q

Microspore

A

Male spore

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30
Q

Monilophyte

A

Horsetails, whisk ferns, eusporangiate, leptosporangia, species of seedless vascular plants

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31
Q

Moss

A

Type of byrophyte

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32
Q

Non-Vascular Plant

A

Bryophyte, specialized tissues with functions for internal transport of water

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33
Q

Peat Moss

A

Sphagnum, genus of mosses

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34
Q

Peristome

A

Anatomical feature that surrounds opening to an organ/structure

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35
Q

Phloem

A

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant

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36
Q

Protonema

A

Tangle of unicellular filaments that forms from the haploid spore

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37
Q

Quillwort

A

Isoetes, group of lycopod,

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38
Q

Rhizoid

A

Protuberances that extend from bryophytes/algae, like roots of vascular plants

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39
Q

Root

A

An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil

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40
Q

Seedless Vascular Plant

A

No flowers/seeds, have xylem/phloem

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41
Q

Seta

A

Stalk that supports the capsule of moss/liverwort

42
Q

Spike Moss

A

Fernlike seedless vascular plants

43
Q

Spore

A

In the life cycle of a plant, haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis, can divide by mitosis to develop into the multicellular haploid gametophyte without fusing with another cell

44
Q

Sporocyte

A

Diploid cells in spore-bearing plants that undergo meiosis to produce 4 haploid cells

45
Q

Sporophylls

A

Modified leaf that bears sporangia (mega/micro for female/male)

46
Q

Sporophyte

A

In organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes

47
Q

Sporopollenin

A

A durable polymer that forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out

48
Q

Stomata

A

Pore in the epidermis of leaves/stems that controls the rate of gas exchange

49
Q

Streptophyte

A

Clade of plants

50
Q

Strobili

A

Plural form of cluster of sporophylls known as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants

51
Q

Tracheophyte

A

Vascular plants from a large group of land plants that have lignified tissues for water transport and nonlignified tissues for photosynthesis

52
Q

Vascular Plant

A

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

53
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

Xylem (water, roots to shoots) and phloem (sugar, shoots to roots)

54
Q

Vein

A

Xylem/Phloem

55
Q

Whisk Fern

A

Farn-like vascular plants

56
Q

Xylem

A

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upwards from the rots to the rest of the plant

57
Q

Androecium

A

Male parts of a flower

58
Q

Anther

A

The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm producing male gametophytes form

59
Q

Barcoding

A

DNA marking for coding regions of plants

60
Q

Basal Angiosperm

A

Flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants

61
Q

Calyx

A

Flowering plants that surrounds the growing bud, at the base of the bloom

62
Q

Carpel

A

Ovule-bearing female reproductive organ of flowering plants

63
Q

Coniferophyta

A

Cone-bearing seed plants, subset of gymnosperms

64
Q

Conifer

A

Dominant phylum of gymnosperms with the greatest diversity of trees

65
Q

Corolla

A

Collection of petals that strongly show color and encircles both the stamen and the carpel, reproductive organs of a flower

66
Q

Cotyledon

A

Seed leaf within the embryo of a seed, supply nutrition to a plant embryo

67
Q

Cross-Pollination

A

When pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovules of another plant

68
Q

Cycadophyta

A

Oldest/endangered plant group, used to treat a variety of medical disorders

69
Q

Dicot

A

A group of flowering plants, seed has 2 embryonic leaves/cotyledons

70
Q

Dioecious

A

Describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are carried on separate specimens

71
Q

Endosperm

A

Feeds the embryo in flowering plants (3n)

72
Q

Eudicot

A

Clade of flowering plants that have at least 2 seed leaves for germination

73
Q

Fertilization

A

Sexual reproduction by mitosis that form a diploid zygote and later an embryo

74
Q

Filament

A

Thin stalk that supports the anther in the male part of flowers

75
Q

Flower

A

Parts of a plant that make up the angiosperm

76
Q

Fruit

A

Thickened tissue derived from ovary wall that protects the embryo after fertilization and facilitates seed dispersal

77
Q

Ginkgophyta

A

Non-flowering seed plants

78
Q

Gnetophyta

A

Non-flowering seed plants

79
Q

Gymnosperm

A

A vascular plant that bears naked seeds, not enclosed in protective chambers

80
Q

Gynoecium

A

Collective term for parts of the flower that produce ovules/develop into the fruit and seeds

81
Q

Heirloom Seed

A

Seed from a plant passed from generation to generation, valuable

82
Q

Herbaceous

A

Vascular plants that have no woody stems above ground

83
Q

Herbivory

A

Act of eating plants

84
Q

Intagument

A

Protective layer encircling the ovule

85
Q

Monocot

A

Plant that has 1 leaf surrounding the seeds

86
Q

Monoecious

A

Plant species that male/female organs are found on the same plant but in different flowers

87
Q

Monosulcate

A

Pollen grain with one groove/furrow

88
Q

Ovary

A

Enlarged basal portion of the pistil, female organ of the flower

89
Q

Ovulate Cone

A

Female cone, when fertilized by pollen they become seeds

90
Q

Ovule

A

Female gametophyte

91
Q

Perfect Flower

A

Both male/female reproductive structures are present

92
Q

Perianth

A

Non-reproductive part of the flower, structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs

93
Q

Petals

A

Modified leaves interior to the sepals, can attract animal pollinators

94
Q

Pistil

A

Ovule producing part of a flower

95
Q

Pollen Grain

A

In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall

96
Q

Pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

97
Q

Seed

A

Angiosperm/gymnosperm

98
Q

Sepal

A

Flower of angiosperms, usually green, but not always

99
Q

Sporophyll

A

Modified leaf that bears sporangia

100
Q

Stamen

A

Pollen-producing part reproductive organ of a flower

101
Q

Stigma

A

Part of the pistil where pollen germinates

102
Q

Stobilus

A

Mass of scales/bracts that contain the reproductive organs of nonflowering plants

Gen Bio 2 (4 decks)

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