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Gen Bio 2 > Plants (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Plants (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Adventitious

A

Plant roots that form any non-root tissue during normal development

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2
Q

Antheridia

A

Male gametangia

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3
Q

Apical Meristem

A

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots

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4
Q

Archegonia

A

Female reproductive organ in ferns/mosses, and some gymnosperms

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5
Q

Bryophytes

A

A nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants

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6
Q

Capsule

A

Dry fruit that opens when ripe

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7
Q

Club Mosses

A

Nickname for lycophytes, vascular plants with little height

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8
Q

Cuticle

A

A waxy covering on the surface of stems/leaves that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants

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9
Q

Diplontic

A

Organisms life cycle dominated by diploid stage

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10
Q

Embryophyte

A

Any subkingdom of plants where the embryo is in the maternal tissue (Bryophytes)

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11
Q

Extant

A

Seed plants such as angiosperms (Cycads, conifers, ginkgo, gnetales)

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12
Q

Extinct

A

No living members, both in the world or in the clade

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13
Q

Fern

A

Flowerless plant, seedless vascular

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14
Q

Foot

A

Part of plant that remains embedded in the tissues of the gametophyte throughout development

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15
Q

Gametangia

A

Organs that create gametes by mitosis

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16
Q

Gemmae

A

Modified leaf with small growth bud/plant in its palm, consists of small leaves protecting the growth apex and red stub of the new root

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17
Q

Haplodiplontic

A

Alternation of Generations, multicellular diploid/haploid stages

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18
Q

Haplontic

A

Diploid zygote but somatic body has a haploid number of chromosomes

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19
Q

Heterosporous

A

Referring to a plant species that has 2 kinds of spores, microspores/megaspores

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20
Q

Homosporous

A

Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte

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21
Q

Hornwort

A

Species of ceratophyllum, submerged free floating aquatic plant

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22
Q

Horsetail

A

Family of ferns that reproduce by spores rather than seeds

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23
Q

Lignin

A

A strong polymer embedded in the cellulose matrix of the secondary cell walls of vascular plants cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species

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24
Q

Liverwort

A

Non-vascular land plants that have a gametophyte dominant life cycle

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25
Lycophyte
Vascular plant subgroup that have microphylls and have haploid spores that grow into bisexual gametophytes
26
Megaphyll
A leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants
27
Megaspore
Type of spore that are in heterosporous plants, female gametophyte
28
Microphyll
In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein
29
Microspore
Male spore
30
Monilophyte
Horsetails, whisk ferns, eusporangiate, leptosporangia, species of seedless vascular plants
31
Moss
Type of byrophyte
32
Non-Vascular Plant
Bryophyte, specialized tissues with functions for internal transport of water
33
Peat Moss
Sphagnum, genus of mosses
34
Peristome
Anatomical feature that surrounds opening to an organ/structure
35
Phloem
Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant
36
Protonema
Tangle of unicellular filaments that forms from the haploid spore
37
Quillwort
Isoetes, group of lycopod,
38
Rhizoid
Protuberances that extend from bryophytes/algae, like roots of vascular plants
39
Root
An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil
40
Seedless Vascular Plant
No flowers/seeds, have xylem/phloem
41
Seta
Stalk that supports the capsule of moss/liverwort
42
Spike Moss
Fernlike seedless vascular plants
43
Spore
In the life cycle of a plant, haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis, can divide by mitosis to develop into the multicellular haploid gametophyte without fusing with another cell
44
Sporocyte
Diploid cells in spore-bearing plants that undergo meiosis to produce 4 haploid cells
45
Sporophylls
Modified leaf that bears sporangia (mega/micro for female/male)
46
Sporophyte
In organisms that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes
47
Sporopollenin
A durable polymer that forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out
48
Stomata
Pore in the epidermis of leaves/stems that controls the rate of gas exchange
49
Streptophyte
Clade of plants
50
Strobili
Plural form of cluster of sporophylls known as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants
51
Tracheophyte
Vascular plants from a large group of land plants that have lignified tissues for water transport and nonlignified tissues for photosynthesis
52
Vascular Plant
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
53
Vascular Tissue
Xylem (water, roots to shoots) and phloem (sugar, shoots to roots)
54
Vein
Xylem/Phloem
55
Whisk Fern
Farn-like vascular plants
56
Xylem
Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upwards from the rots to the rest of the plant
57
Androecium
Male parts of a flower
58
Anther
The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm producing male gametophytes form
59
Barcoding
DNA marking for coding regions of plants
60
Basal Angiosperm
Flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants
61
Calyx
Flowering plants that surrounds the growing bud, at the base of the bloom
62
Carpel
Ovule-bearing female reproductive organ of flowering plants
63
Coniferophyta
Cone-bearing seed plants, subset of gymnosperms
64
Conifer
Dominant phylum of gymnosperms with the greatest diversity of trees
65
Corolla
Collection of petals that strongly show color and encircles both the stamen and the carpel, reproductive organs of a flower
66
Cotyledon
Seed leaf within the embryo of a seed, supply nutrition to a plant embryo
67
Cross-Pollination
When pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovules of another plant
68
Cycadophyta
Oldest/endangered plant group, used to treat a variety of medical disorders
69
Dicot
A group of flowering plants, seed has 2 embryonic leaves/cotyledons
70
Dioecious
Describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are carried on separate specimens
71
Endosperm
Feeds the embryo in flowering plants (3n)
72
Eudicot
Clade of flowering plants that have at least 2 seed leaves for germination
73
Fertilization
Sexual reproduction by mitosis that form a diploid zygote and later an embryo
74
Filament
Thin stalk that supports the anther in the male part of flowers
75
Flower
Parts of a plant that make up the angiosperm
76
Fruit
Thickened tissue derived from ovary wall that protects the embryo after fertilization and facilitates seed dispersal
77
Ginkgophyta
Non-flowering seed plants
78
Gnetophyta
Non-flowering seed plants
79
Gymnosperm
A vascular plant that bears naked seeds, not enclosed in protective chambers
80
Gynoecium
Collective term for parts of the flower that produce ovules/develop into the fruit and seeds
81
Heirloom Seed
Seed from a plant passed from generation to generation, valuable
82
Herbaceous
Vascular plants that have no woody stems above ground
83
Herbivory
Act of eating plants
84
Intagument
Protective layer encircling the ovule
85
Monocot
Plant that has 1 leaf surrounding the seeds
86
Monoecious
Plant species that male/female organs are found on the same plant but in different flowers
87
Monosulcate
Pollen grain with one groove/furrow
88
Ovary
Enlarged basal portion of the pistil, female organ of the flower
89
Ovulate Cone
Female cone, when fertilized by pollen they become seeds
90
Ovule
Female gametophyte
91
Perfect Flower
Both male/female reproductive structures are present
92
Perianth
Non-reproductive part of the flower, structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs
93
Petals
Modified leaves interior to the sepals, can attract animal pollinators
94
Pistil
Ovule producing part of a flower
95
Pollen Grain
In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall
96
Pollination
Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
97
Seed
Angiosperm/gymnosperm
98
Sepal
Flower of angiosperms, usually green, but not always
99
Sporophyll
Modified leaf that bears sporangia
100
Stamen
Pollen-producing part reproductive organ of a flower
101
Stigma
Part of the pistil where pollen germinates
102
Stobilus
Mass of scales/bracts that contain the reproductive organs of nonflowering plants

Gen Bio 2 (4 decks)

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