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biology quiz on bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi > protists > Flashcards

protists Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

protists

A

eukaryotic not classified in plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms

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2
Q

are protists closely related to plants, animals, and fungi

A

yes

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3
Q

algae:

A

photoautotrophs

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4
Q

protozoa

A

heterotrophic

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5
Q

fungus-like

A

resemble fungi in form and use absorptive nutrition

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6
Q

habitats of protists:

A

wet places

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7
Q

plankton

A

swimming or floating protists/bacteria/viruses

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8
Q

periphyton:

A

attached to the cell wall to underwater surface, produce multicellular bodies

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9
Q

endosymbiosis

A

host cell captures bacteria by phagotrophy, bacteria does something like bioluminescence

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10
Q

endosymbosis is the evolutionary basis of what

A

plastids

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11
Q

how do protists swim?

A

using flagella

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12
Q

amoeboid movement

A

using pseudopodia

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13
Q

how else do protists move?

A

gliding on slime

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14
Q

Excavata are related to

A

some of Earth’s earliest eukaryotes

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15
Q

why are excavata named?

A

for a feeding groove excavated into many cells

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16
Q

how do excavata eat?

A

food particles by phagotrophy

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17
Q

endocytosis

A

engulfing cells of organisms

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18
Q

endocytosis is the basis for what?

A

endosymbosis

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19
Q

excavata have what kind of mitochondria?

A

highly modified

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20
Q

can excavata photosynthesis?

A

some can

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21
Q

Plants and relatives include

A

land plants and algae

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22
Q

red algae

A

most are multicellular macro algae

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23
Q

why is red algae red?

A

due to photosynthetic pigments

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24
Q

do red algae have flagella?

A

no

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25
Q

Chlorophyta

A

diverse in structure

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26
Q

where do chlorophyta occur

A

in fresh and salt water, and on land

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27
Q

does red algae and chlorophyta have complex life cycles?

A

yes

28
Q

Plastids:

A

enclosing surrounded by two membranes

29
Q

how did plastids come to be

A

primary symbiosis

30
Q

plastids resulted in what

A

horizontal gene transfer from endosymbiot to host

31
Q

Secondary plastids:

A

derived from photosynthetic eukaryote

32
Q

where did secondary plastids originate?

A

from secondary endosymbiosis

33
Q

how does secondary plastids work?

A

eukaryotic host cell ingests and keeps another cell that already has primary plastids

34
Q

how many envelopes do secondary plastids have

A

more than two

35
Q

how did endosymbiosis probably come to be?

A

host captured cyanobacteria, the cyanobacteria helped host photosynthesis

36
Q

cryptomads are

A

unicellular flagellates

37
Q

what color are cryptomads plastids

A

red, blue, or brown from secondary photosynthesis

38
Q

Haptophytes

A

unicellular photosynthesis with secondary plastids

39
Q

Supergroup Alevolta

A

named for membrane bound vesicles

40
Q

dinozoa

A

some photosynthesis, some don’t

41
Q

Tertiary endosymbiosis

A

half of dinoflagellates are heterotrophic, others can photosynthesis from 2nd or 3rd endosymbiosis

42
Q

Stramenopila have a wide range of…

A

algae, protozoa, and fungus

43
Q

stramenopila produce what

A

flagellated cells at some point

44
Q

why is stramenopila named

A

for strawlike hairs

45
Q

are stramenopila heterotrophic or photosynthetic

A

both

46
Q

Rhizaria are

A

thin, strawlike hair extensions of cytoplasm

47
Q

Amoebozoa

A

many types of amoeboe use pseudopodia to move

48
Q

Opisthokonta includes

A

animals and fungi related to protists

49
Q

what is opisthokonta named for

A

singular posterior flagellum

50
Q

choanoflagellate protists

A

feature a collar surrounding flagella

51
Q

phagotrophy

A

heterotrophs that ingest particles

52
Q

osmotrophy

A

heterotrophs that rely on uptake of small organic particles

53
Q

photoautotrophy

A

photosynthesis

54
Q

mixotrophy

A

able to use all 3

55
Q

Extrusomes

A

spear shaped particles to discourage herbivores

56
Q

bioluminesence:

A

startles herbivores

57
Q

toxins

A

disrupt physological functions

58
Q

slimy mucilage

A

defend against herbivores and pathogens

59
Q

eukaryotes use what to reproduce

A

gametes and zygotes

60
Q

why are gametes and zygotes adaptive?

A

due to its diversity

61
Q

Haploid dominant:

A

most unicellular reproducing protists, haploid develops into a gamete, thick walled diploid zygote

62
Q

Alterations of generations:

A

many types of multicellular organisms, haploids = gametes, diploid = spores, by meiosis, all cells but gametes are diploid

63
Q

Ciliate reproduction

A

most complex sexual process

64
Q

macronuclei

A

source of info + cell production

65
Q

conjugation

A

cells pair and fuse

66
Q

parasitic protists use…

A

more than one host, different stages

biology quiz on bacteria, archaea, protists, and fungi (3 decks)

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