fungi Flashcards
opisthikonta
eukaryotic supergroup, includes some protists, animals, and fungi
how many flagellum did the common ancestor of fungi have?
one
how did fungi originate?
from aquatic habitats
fungi came from what kind of protist
protists related to amoeboe who feed by engulfing cells
distinguishing features for fungi:
rigid chitin walls, osmotrophy, mutualism, loss of flagella, secrete hyphae and fruiting bodies
fungal cell walls are enclosed by what
a tough cell wall called chitin
chitin
composed of sugar and polymer, prevents phagocytosis
how do fungi eat?
on substarate using osmotrophy
What makes fungi unique?
mycelium made of hyphae, may be aseptate or septate, fruiting bodies responsible for reproduction, spores by meiosis
hyphae:
filaments of mycelium
aseptate
not divided
septate
divided
cytokinesis:
division at the end of mitosis/meiosis
aseptate hyphae are….
early diverging
are aseptate hyphae divided?
no
how are asepate hyphae divided?
nuclei divided with out cytokinesis
coenocyte:
a cell with mutiple nuclei, result from nuclear divisions without cytokinesis
septate hyphae are…
later diverging
do septate hyphae do nuclear divisions?
yes
septa are what
crosswalls dividing cells of mycelium
growth process:
mycelia grow quickly when there is food
why is extensive branching good?
because there is more food
how do fungi reproduce?
using microscopic spores or asexual clones
when is asexual reproduction good
when fungi are well adapted and spread to similar enviornments
when is sexual reproduction good?
may allow for colonization of new habitats
asexual reproduction is ideal for…
rapid spread
do asexual reproduction have fruiting bodies?
no
do asexual reproductions involves meiosis?
no
how does asexual reproduction work in fungi?
spores grow at the tips of hyphae, reproduce by budding
what are asexual fungi known for?
food spoilage, allergies, disesase
Sexual reproduction in fungi involves
union of gamete and zygote, and meiosis
sexual reproduction in fungi is…
haploid dominant
how does sexual reproduction in fungi work?
hyphae branches find each other by peptides and then fuse
fruiting bodies
a mated mycelium may produce one, they emerge from substrate
what kind of spores do fruiting bodies produce?
haploid spores
fungi spores have…
a tough chitin wall in case the environment is stressful
how are fungal spores dispersed?
by wind, rain, or animals
if the spores find a good habitat they will grow into what
a haploid mycelia
are all fruiting bodies edible
some are, others are toxic, some make you trip balls
cryptomycota
single cells found in water and soil
chytridmycota
live in moist soil or water, some are pathogens, decomposers, or parasites
Cryptomycota and chytridmycota are
CCBS
MABS have what?
symbiotic relationship with plants, all are decomposers in symbiotic relationships
Haploid
when asexual reproduction happens
dikaryotic is when
nuclei haven’t fused together
sexual reproduction is
haploid/diploid
mycromycota
mutually beneficial partnerships with plant roots
could plants colonize land without fungi?
no
ascomycota
hyphae subdivided by septa with simple pores
ascomycota produce…
dikaryotic mycelia
ascomycota have a
short diploid phase
basidomycota
hyphae subdivided by septa with complex pore
basidomycota are
important decomposers and symbiosis
how do basidomycota reproduce?
hyphae grow out to meet eachother, form dikaryotic cells then unite to make diploid stage, meiosis to form haploid cells
Predatory fungi use
specialized hyphae to trap small soil animals
fungal plant pathogens”
5,000 species, cause crop disesase
how are fungal plant pathogens stopped
by fungicide and protecting importation of infected materials
animal pathogens:
negatively affected by fungi, forces increased metabolism
fungi are essential…
decomposers
fungi release what from organix debris and dead organisms
minerals
biotechnology applications of fungi
fuel, food production
