Protiens Flashcards
Protein function?
They are composed of the elements carbon and hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They are found in all parts of the human body, playing key roles ( enzymes, muscles, transport ect. )
Proteins can act as hormones, involved in transport including haemoglobin ( which transports oxygen ), are involved in muscle contraction, they can be stored and antibodies are protein which are involved in human defence
Tubulin function?
Is a protein that forms microtubules, which is part of the cytoskeleton that gives proteins their shape. Plasma proteins are crucial in blood clotting, proteins provide binding sites for hormones, neurotransmitters and other substances in their role as receptors. Histones are a protein that allow DNA to condense into chromosomes.Every individual has a unique proteome. This is all the proteins produced by a cell, tissue or organism. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. There are 20 amino acids that occur naturally in proteins. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesised and must be obtained from food.
Amino acid structure?
Amino acid - polypeptide ( chains of amino acids ) . All have a central carbon atom, an amino group ( basic group ), a carboxyl group ( acidic group ), all have a hydrogen atom, and all have an R group ( which is different in each amino acid ).
Dipeptide structure?
A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids are joined together, by linking the amino acids together. This is done by a condensation reaction, in which a molecule of water ( a hydrogen from the amino group and the OH from the carboxyl group ) is removed as a byproduct to link the monomers together. This forms a peptide bond.
Primary structure of a protien?
Made up of an amino acid sequence, polypeptides usually have hundreds of amino acids joined in different sequences, this sequence is determined by genes and converted from DNA to a sequence of amino acids through the processes of transcription and translation.
