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Bio Nov Mock > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nutrition definition

A

obtaining food that will provide energy

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2
Q

Metabolism definition

A

Chemical reactions inside the cell

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3
Q

Growth definition

A

Irreversible increase in size

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4
Q

Response definition

A

The ability to react to changes in the environment

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5
Q

Homeostasis definition

A

Keeping conditions inside the organism within limits

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6
Q

Reproduction definition

A

Producing offspring either sexually or asexually

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7
Q

What is Cell Theory?

A

Cell Theory states that cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms

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8
Q

What is every living cell surrounded by?

A

A plasma membrane

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9
Q

What is cytoplasm mainly made up of?

A

Water

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10
Q

Do cells have their own energy release system?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have DNA in their membrane?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What kind of cells are Eukaryotic?

A

Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protist

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13
Q

What is a surface membrane composed of?

A

A thin layer of lipid ( fat ) molecules and protein molecules

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14
Q

What is the role of a cell surface membrane?

A

To control what enters and leaves the cell

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15
Q

Role of Nucleus?

A

Houses nearly all of cells genetic material

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16
Q

Chromatin function?

A

Consists of DNA associated with histone proteins ( provides structural support for a chromosome )

17
Q

Nucleolus function?

A

Makes RNA, which is made into ribosomes

18
Q

Nuclear envelope function?

A

Has nuclear pores going through the envelope to let relatively large molecules pass through in the nuclear envelope there is nucleoplasm

19
Q

Why do cells without nucleoli die?

A

They then do not have ribosomes and thus cannot synthesise protein

20
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function?

A

It is involved in making lipids that the cell needs. In addition to steroids such as cholesterol has several functions including cell membrane fluidity,

21
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum structure?

A

Consists of a series of interconnected flattened membrane - bound sacs called cisternae, they are studded with ribosomes

22
Q

RER function?

A

It transports genetic information and proteins that were made on the attached ribosomes
Some of the proteins will be secreted by the cell whilst the others will be placed on the surface of the cell membrane ( attached to ribosomes on diagram ( black and small ) )

23
Q

Difference between SER and RER?

A

SER doesn’t contain ribosomes

24
Q

Golgi apparatus structure?

A

It is a stack of membrane - bounded flattened sacs

25
Q

GA function?

A

Its membrane surrounds an area of fluid where the complex molecules are stored and changed. receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them.It may add sugar molecules to them
The golgi apparatus then packages the modified proteins into vesicles that can be transported
Some modified proteins may go to the surface of the cell so that they may be secreted

26
Q

Mitochondria Function?

A

To generate energy

27
Q

Mitochondria structure?

A

It is surrounded by two membranes. The inner layer folds inwards to form the cristae. The cristae project into a liquid called the matrix
The inner membrane is coated in enzymes, which catalyse the reactions of aerobic respiration to produce ATP ( energy source) .Contains ribosomes that help synthesise these enzymes

28
Q

Ribosomes structure?

A

They are tiny organelles which can be found in cytoplasm or bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

Ribosome function?

A

They are the site of protein synthesis in a cell, which is where proteins are made. It acts as an assembly line for coded information form the nucleus to be used to make proteins from amino acids

30
Q

What size ribosomes do eukaryotic cells contain?

A

80s

31
Q

Lysosomes structure?

A

They are spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane. They are specialised vesicles

32
Q

Lysosome function?

A

They contain powerful digestive enzymes and their role is to break down materials
The head of a sperm cell contains a special type of lysozyme called an acrosome, whos enzymes digest a pathway into an egg just before fertilisation takes place

33
Q

Centrioles function?

A

Part of a group of structures that contribute to cell cytoskeleton that helps determine cell shape

34
Q

Centriole structure?

A

Centrioles are composed of alpha and beta tubulin which polymerise to form microtubules which combine. Centrioles secrete spindle fibres, key in cell division

35
Q

Microtubule function?

A

Microtubules allow for transport of vesicles,among components around the cell.

36
Q

Stroma function?

A

Is a liquid and it contains 70s ribosomes for synthesising proteins required in photosynthesis

37
Q

Grana function?

A

They are composed of disc-like stacks of thylakoid membranes. The site of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis.

38
Q
A

Bio Nov Mock (7 decks)

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