Cell Structure

Question 1

Nutrition definition

Answer 1

obtaining food that will provide energy

Question 2

Metabolism definition

Answer 2

Chemical reactions inside the cell

Question 3

Growth definition

Answer 3

Irreversible increase in size

Question 4

Response definition

Answer 4

The ability to react to changes in the environment

Question 5

Homeostasis definition

Answer 5

Keeping conditions inside the organism within limits

Question 6

Reproduction definition

Answer 6

Producing offspring either sexually or asexually

Question 7

What is Cell Theory?

Answer 7

Cell Theory states that cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms

Question 8

What is every living cell surrounded by?

Answer 8

A plasma membrane

Question 9

What is cytoplasm mainly made up of?

Answer 9

Water

Question 10

Do cells have their own energy release system?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Do eukaryotic cells have DNA in their membrane?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What kind of cells are Eukaryotic?

Answer 12

Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protist

Question 13

What is a surface membrane composed of?

Answer 13

A thin layer of lipid ( fat ) molecules and protein molecules

Question 14

What is the role of a cell surface membrane?

Answer 14

To control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 15

Role of Nucleus?

Answer 15

Houses nearly all of cells genetic material

Question 16

Chromatin function?

Answer 16

Consists of DNA associated with histone proteins ( provides structural support for a chromosome )

Question 17

Nucleolus function?

Answer 17

Makes RNA, which is made into ribosomes

Question 18

Nuclear envelope function?

Answer 18

Has nuclear pores going through the envelope to let relatively large molecules pass through in the nuclear envelope there is nucleoplasm

Question 19

Why do cells without nucleoli die?

Answer 19

They then do not have ribosomes and thus cannot synthesise protein

Question 20

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function?

Answer 20

It is involved in making lipids that the cell needs. In addition to steroids such as cholesterol has several functions including cell membrane fluidity,

Question 21

Rough endoplasmic reticulum structure?

Answer 21

Consists of a series of interconnected flattened membrane - bound sacs called cisternae, they are studded with ribosomes

Question 22

RER function?

Answer 22

It transports genetic information and proteins that were made on the attached ribosomes
Some of the proteins will be secreted by the cell whilst the others will be placed on the surface of the cell membrane ( attached to ribosomes on diagram ( black and small ) )

Question 23

Difference between SER and RER?

Answer 23

SER doesn’t contain ribosomes

Question 24

Golgi apparatus structure?

Answer 24

It is a stack of membrane - bounded flattened sacs

Question 25

GA function?

Answer 25

Its membrane surrounds an area of fluid where the complex molecules are stored and changed. receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them.It may add sugar molecules to them The golgi apparatus then packages the modified proteins into vesicles that can be transported Some modified proteins may go to the surface of the cell so that they may be secreted

Question 26

Mitochondria Function?

Answer 26

To generate energy

Question 27

Mitochondria structure?

Answer 27

It is surrounded by two membranes. The inner layer folds inwards to form the cristae. The cristae project into a liquid called the matrix The inner membrane is coated in enzymes, which catalyse the reactions of aerobic respiration to produce ATP ( energy source) .Contains ribosomes that help synthesise these enzymes

Question 28

Ribosomes structure?

Answer 28

They are tiny organelles which can be found in cytoplasm or bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

Ribosome function?

Answer 29

They are the site of protein synthesis in a cell, which is where proteins are made. It acts as an assembly line for coded information form the nucleus to be used to make proteins from amino acids

Question 30

What size ribosomes do eukaryotic cells contain?

Answer 30

80s

Question 31

Lysosomes structure?

Answer 31

They are spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane. They are specialised vesicles

Question 32

Lysosome function?

Answer 32

They contain powerful digestive enzymes and their role is to break down materials The head of a sperm cell contains a special type of lysozyme called an acrosome, whos enzymes digest a pathway into an egg just before fertilisation takes place

Question 33

Centrioles function?

Answer 33

Part of a group of structures that contribute to cell cytoskeleton that helps determine cell shape

Question 34

Centriole structure?

Answer 34

Centrioles are composed of alpha and beta tubulin which polymerise to form microtubules which combine. Centrioles secrete spindle fibres, key in cell division

Question 35

Microtubule function?

Answer 35

Microtubules allow for transport of vesicles,among components around the cell.

Question 36

Stroma function?

Answer 36

Is a liquid and it contains 70s ribosomes for synthesising proteins required in photosynthesis

Question 37

Grana function?

Answer 37

They are composed of disc-like stacks of thylakoid membranes. The site of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis.