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Biology 12 > Protien Synthesis > Flashcards

Protien Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

The BACKBONE (sides of the ladder) of the DNA molecule is made up of which TWO molecules

A

Phosphate and Pentose Sugar

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2
Q

Which nitrogenous base will pair with guanine?

A

Cytosine

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3
Q

If a strand of DNA contains 10% Thymine, what percentage of Guanine will it contain?

A

40%

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4
Q

What kind of bonds hold the two sides of the DNA “ladder” together. Hint: they are weaker bonds

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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5
Q

The repeating, three-part sub-units that make up the DNA polymer are called:

A

Nucleotides

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6
Q

Which sugar is found in the nucleotides of DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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7
Q

Which nitrogenous bases from DNA are pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil

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8
Q

The shape of the DNA molecule is a __________ helix.

A

Double

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9
Q

One gene on a chromosome is responsible for coding for one

A

Protein

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10
Q

The first step in translation is

A

Initiation

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11
Q

Which mRNA codon is found at the beginning of every single mRNA strand?

A

AUG

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12
Q

How many nitrogenous bases make up a single codon?

A

Three

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13
Q

Translation occurs in / on which organelle in the cytoplasm?

A

Ribosome

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14
Q

Which structure delivers amino acids to the site of translation?

A

tRNA

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15
Q

tRNA molecules have an __________ which is complimentary to the codon on the mRNA strand. Only the correct tRNA can match up with the mRNA codon.

A

Anticodon

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16
Q

If the DNA sequence of a gene is:

GGC ATG CTA CGT

what will the transcribed mRNA sequence be?

A

CCG UAC GAU GCA

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17
Q

The first stage of translation where the mRNA and small ribosomal subunit are coming together is called ________________.

A

initiation

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18
Q

The second stage of translation, where the amino acid chain is growing longer, is called ______________.

A

elongation

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19
Q

The final stage of translation, where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome, is called _______________.

A

termination

20
Q

What DNA sequences would signal the end of an amino acid chain?

A

ATT, ATC or ACT

21
Q

In RNA, what DNA base is replaced by Uracil?

A

Thymine

22
Q

The shape of an RNA molecule is a

A

straight, single strand

23
Q

mRNA is made by the enzyme

A

RNA polymerase

24
Q

The process of making an mRNA strand is called

A

Transcription

25
Q

One mRNA strand is produced from the information found in one _____.

A

gene

26
Q

RNA contains the sugar _________.

A

Ribose

27
Q

An RNA nucleotide is made up of ___________

A

Ribose Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases (which could include Uracil)

28
Q

The types of RNA that are found in the cell.

A

rRNA, tRNA, mRNA

29
Q

The sugar-phosphate groups that make up the backbone of the RNA molecule are joined together by ________________.

A

strong covalent bonds

30
Q

The mRNA molecule is transcribed from the ______ strand of the DNA molecule.

A

Sense

31
Q

Any factor that can cause a mutation is called a(n)

A

Mutagen

32
Q

What type of mutation is shown in the following example?

Original: TCG AAC GGT
New: TCT AAC GGT

A

Substitution

33
Q

What are the 2 main categories of mutations?

A

Gene and chromosomal

34
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of a chromosome is “flipped” is called a _________ mutation.

A

inversion

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of potential mutagen?

viruses
certain chemicals
radiation
cancer

A

Cancer

36
Q

Somatic mutations occur in

A

Cells of the body - e.g. skin cells

37
Q

Any factor that can cause a mutation which leads to cancer is called a

A

carcinogen

38
Q

What type of mutation is shown in the following example?

Original: TCG AAC GGT
New: TCG GAA CGG T

A

addition

39
Q

What type of mutation is shown in the following example?

A

Deletion

40
Q

Germinal mutations occur in

A

gametes (sperm or eggs) and

early in embryonic development

41
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of a chromosome is repeated is called a _________ mutation.

A

deletion

42
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of a chromosome is moved from one chromosome to another chromosome is called a _________ mutation.

A

translocation

43
Q

Process where mRNA is created

A

Transcription

44
Q

Transcription occurs in the __________ of the cell

A

Nucleus

45
Q

The process where mRNA is made in amino acids?

A

Translation

46
Q

Translation occurs in the _________ part of the cell

A

Ribosome

47
Q

During DNA replication _________ breaks hydrogen bonds and unzips the original DNA molecule

A

DNA helicase

Biology 12 (3 decks)

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