Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 12 > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Carbon can form __ single bonds with other substances

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The subunits that make up proteins are called;

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A side chain on an amino acid can be abbreviated by the letter:

A

R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The prefix “poly” means

A

Many

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

There are __ different amino acids

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many amino acids are in a dipeptide?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which level of protein structure can take the from of an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet?

A

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which level of protein structure is characterized by folding into a three dimensional “globular” form?

A

Tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which level of protein structure develops from the sequence in which amino acids are linked together?

A

Primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which level of protein structure results from multiple proteins joining together to form a larger structure?

A

Quaternary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proteins can be denatured by

A

High temperature
pH above or below the normal range
Heavy mental ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What four elements are most often found in organic molecules?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the elements is only found in amino acids and nucleotides?

A. nitrogen 
B. Oxygen
C. Hydrogen
D. Carbon
E. Phosphorus 
F. Sodium
A

A. nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four major classes of biological molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids, proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Of the four types of biological molecules, which one is the most involved with energy production in the body?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the four types of biological molecules forms enzymes?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the four types of biological molecules make up genes?

A

Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the four types of biological molecules is involved primarily in energy storage?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When many simple sugar molecules are joined together a _________________ results

A

Polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When many amino acids are joined together a ________ results

A

Polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When glycerol and fatty acids are joined together a ________ results.

A

Neutral fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When many nucleotides are joined together a _________ results

A

Nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The bonds between amino acids in a polypeptide are called __________ bonds

A

Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A buffer is a substance that helps to stabilize or maintain _____

A

pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If you saw the following in a molecules N-C-C-N-N-N you would be looking at a _________

A

Dipeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Isotopes have the same number of _______ but different numbers of _________

A

Protons/Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ATP is a ____________ associated with energy in the body

A

Nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which three components make up a nucleotide

A

Sugar, Nitrogenous base, phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Glucose is found in which molecules

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hydrogen bonds are

A

Weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ionic bonds are _____

A

Strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Covalent bonds are ____

A

Strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What kind of reactions is this?

Sucrose + Water ——> Glucose + Fructose

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

If a substance had a chemical formula of C12H24O12, this substance would be a

A

Carbohydrate

2:1 ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Glucose is a…..

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Denaturing of a protein can be reversed by simply returning the environmental conditions (temperature, pH, etc.) back to normal.

True or False

A

False

Explanation:
Can you “uncook” an egg by turning down the temperature? No!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Enzymes are made from

A. protein

B. lipid

C. carbohydrate

D. nucleic acid

A

A. Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The name of all simple sugars (simple carbohydrates) end with the suffix ______

A

“ose”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The electrons in water are not shared equally around the molecule. Therefore water has a slight + and - charge at the opposite ends of the molecule. Because of this, water is said to be ______, which makes it a really good solvent

A

Polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which nucleotide is the “energy currency” of the body?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which reaction would be used to join two glucose molecules together?

A

Dehydration Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cell membranes are constructed mostly of this lipid

A

Phospholipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which of the following will NOT denature a protein?

A. Cold Temperature
B. High temperature
C. Significant pH change
D. Presence of heavy metal ions

A

A. Cold temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The function of a protein is determined by its shape. Shape is MOSTLY determined by?

A

Tertiary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which nitrogenous base does DNA not contain

A

Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

RNA contains all of the following nitrogenous bases expect

A. Uracil
B. Thymine
C. Guanine
D. Cytosine
E. Adenine
A

B. Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

DNA is ________ stranded, while RNA is ______ stranded.

A

DNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

An emulsifier increases the surface area of _______

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Enzymes are made from

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

DNA is made from

A

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Triglycerides are made from

A

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Proteins are made from

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

If a dipeptide was broken down into amino acids, this would be an example of a _________ reaction.

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

The bonds between amino acids in a polypeptide are called __________ bonds

A

Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Enzymes are made from

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What substance is made up of two sugar subunits

A

Disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Starch is a

A

Polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Glucose is a

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Maltose is a

A

Disaccharide

60
Q

Bond direction reversing between every second subunit is characteristic of

Alpha linkage or beta linkage?

A

Beta linkage

61
Q

Which Nucleic acid has a double helix structure?

DNA or RNA

A

DNA

62
Q

What is the energy currency of the nucleotides called? (ATP)

A

adenosine triphosphate

63
Q

A polymer made up of many amino acids joined together is called

A

Polypeptide

64
Q

A fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called

A

Saturated fatty acid

65
Q

Soap is one type of ______ which are substances which help break fat droplets into small fat droplets to help them mix with water.

A

Emulsifier

66
Q

A Nucleic acid which is single stranded

A

RNA

67
Q

The process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

Hydrolysis

68
Q

The carbohydrate that makes up cell walls of plants

A

Cellulose

69
Q

Another name for “fat”

A

Lipid

70
Q

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants

A

Starch

71
Q

Acidity is created by excess _______ ions in solution

A

Hydrogen

72
Q

Heavy ______ can alter the 3 dimensional shape of a protein

A

Metals

73
Q

A nucleotide is made up of a _____, a pentose sugar and nitrogen base

A

Phosphate

74
Q

A pH above 7.0 is considered

A

Basic

75
Q

This element, common in living organisms can form up to four bonds with other substances

A

Carbon

76
Q

Forms when two glucose molecules are joined together

A

Maltose

77
Q

_________ are lipids which contain four rings in their chemical structure

A

Steroids

78
Q

It is said that life on earth is __________

A

Carbon based

79
Q

What is the study of the chemicals of life

A

Biochemistry

80
Q

What is the study of carbon compounds

A

Organic chemistry

81
Q

Carbon atoms in chains rotate forming what kind of bonds?

A

Single, double or triple bonds

82
Q

Maltose is a

A

Disaccharide

83
Q

The atomic number indicates the number of

A

Protons

84
Q

An isotope is a variant of an element which has different number of

A

Neutrons

85
Q

An ion is a charged version of an atom which has a different number of _________ than the normal atom

A

Electrons

86
Q

The strongest of the chemical bonds are _______ bonds

A

Covalent

87
Q

Hydrogen and carbon must be present in any __________ chemical compounds

A

Organic

88
Q

Water forms ______ bonds between its molecules

A

Hydrogen

89
Q

Acid releases ______ ions into solution

A

H+

90
Q

Bases release ________ ions into solution

A

OH-

91
Q

What is polymer formation

A

A polymer is a large molecule formed from repeating subunits of smaller molecules

E.g. proteins, starch and DNA

92
Q

Another word for polymer

A

Macromolecules

93
Q

What forms from repeating subunits of smaller molecules

A

Proteins, starch and DNA

94
Q

Explain dehydration synthesis

A

In this process water is produced as a byproduct. This is how two amino acids form a dipeptide

95
Q

This process forms large molecules (polymer) from small molecules

A

Dehydration Synthesis

96
Q

In dehydration synthesis one molecule loses an ___ and the other loses an ___

A

H+, OH+

97
Q

Large polypeptides are called

A

Proteins

98
Q

Hydro means =

Lysis means =

A

Hydro means = water

Lysis means = split

99
Q

What is the different between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis

A

In dehydration synthesis an H2O molecules is added to create amino acids which form a dipeptide, hydrolysis is the exact opposite

100
Q

What are amino acids

A

Unit molecules of proteins

101
Q

What is polymerization

A

Polymerization is how a chain of amino acids is linked together to form a protein

102
Q

Two amino acids is linked together is called a

A

Dipeptide

103
Q

Chains great than two amino acids are called

A

Polypeptides

104
Q

The 4 levels of protein structure

A

Primary, Secondary, tertiary, quaternary

105
Q

Glucose is found in which molecules

A

Cellulose, starch, glycogen

106
Q

A Nucleic acid with a double helix shape

A

DNA

107
Q

_____ bonds are strong

A

Covalent

108
Q

A six carbon sugar

A

Hexose

109
Q

This level of protein structure can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary

110
Q

A pH below 7.0 is considered

A

Acidic

111
Q

A carbohydrate made up of many subunits

A

Polysaccharide

112
Q

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

113
Q

This level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein

A

Primary

114
Q

Carbohydrates help provide us with

A

Energy

115
Q

A special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

A

ATP

116
Q

A Nucleic acid with a double helix shape

A

DNA

117
Q

_____ bonds are strong

A

Covalent

118
Q

A six carbon sugar

A

Hexose

119
Q

This level of protein structure can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary

120
Q

A special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

A

ATP

121
Q

Carbohydrates help provide us with pH of 7.0 is considered

A

Neutral

122
Q

Compounds which are primarily made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen are called

A

Organic compounds

123
Q

A proteins three dimensional shape is extremely important in order for it to ________ properly

A

Function

124
Q

________ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

125
Q

A disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together

A

Sucrose

126
Q

A carbohydrate made up of only one subunit

A

Monosaccharide

127
Q

This process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

Dehydration synthesis

128
Q

What causes a protein to lose its shape

A

Excessive heat

129
Q

The term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape

A

Denaturation

130
Q

The sub unit that makes up polypeptides

A

Amino acids

131
Q

A 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a characteristic ______ molecule

A

Carbohydrate

132
Q

A neutral fat that contained glycerol and only one fatty acid chain would would be called a _____ glycerine

A

Mono

133
Q

A substance which helps hold the pH of a solution relatively constant is called a

A

Buffer

134
Q

The type of carbohydrate used in ur cells

A

Glucose

135
Q

A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

Phosphate

136
Q

A carbohydrate made up of two subunits (or rings)

A

Disaccharide

137
Q

This level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with each other to form a larger protein structure

A

Quaternary

138
Q

A molecule made up of two amino acids joined together

A

Dipeptide

139
Q

This level of protein structure occurs when the protein begins to fold upon itself creating 3D shape

A

Tertiary

140
Q

The storage form of carbohydrates in animals

A

Glycogen

141
Q

This is the sequence of three atoms which is a characteristic of an amino acid

A

NCC

142
Q

This level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein

A

Primary

143
Q

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

144
Q

A carbohydrate made up of many subunits

A

Polysaccharide

145
Q

A pH below 7.0 is considered

A

Acidic

146
Q

What are large polypeptides called?

A

Proteins

Biology 12 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions