Cells Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory?
cells must contain DNA
all living things are made of cells
new cells can only come from pre-existing cells
cells are the basic unit of life
Cells must contain DNA
The word cyto means:
Cell
Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called
Organelles
Which technology was essential for the development of the cell theory?
Microscopes
Which of the following is a living organism based on the cell theory?
Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells:
are thought to have evolved when a larger cell engulfed a smaller cell
are the most ancient type of cell
are the smallest type of cell
do not have a nucleus
are thought to have evolved when a larger cell engulfed a smaller cell
The mitochondria has a _____ membrane
Double membrane
Watery fluid found inside of a cell
Cytoplasm
An organelle used for the storage of various substances within the cell
Vacuole
There substances are scattered in a mosaic throughout the cell membrane
Proteins
The cell walls of plants are made from this polysaccharide
Cellulose
The number of ribosomal subunits
Two
The middle part of the cell membrane is called “_______”
Hydrophobic
Organelle which stores and packages proteins within the cell
Golgi apparatus
Short hair-like structures which aid in cell locomotion
Cilia
Proteins that associate with DNA to form the chromosomes
Histone
A dark region within the nucleus which produces rRNA
Nucleolus
The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Diffusion
Specialized vacuoles which contain digestive enzymes used to break down unwanted materials within the cell
Lysosome
Nuclear _____ are openings in the nuclear membrane where substances made in the nucleus can escape
Nuclear pores
This substance is made during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration
Glucose
The idea that all living organisms are composed of cells and that only cells can produce new cells
Cell theory
Cellular __________ occurs in the mitochondria
Cellular respiration
This substance is a Nucleic acid which is a structural component of ribosomes
rRNA
A whip-like projection from the cell used for locomotion
Flagellum
Cells which have membrane-bound nucleus
Eukaryotic cells
Cells which do not have a true nucleus - usually smaller in size
Prokaryotic
Protein synthesis found in animal cells which aid in the process of cell division and creation of basal bodies
Centrioles
The structure which controls the amount of light entering the microscope
Diaphragm
The structures found at the base of cilia or flagella
Basal bodies
A general term for describing pigment containing organelles found only in plant cells
Plastids
_______ ER is where lipid production occurs
Smooth ER
Structure surrounding the cell membrane in plant cells
Cell wall
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are related because they are both involved in the capture / release of
Energy
Organelle which conducts photosynthesis
Chloroplast
These substances are made by the smooth ER
Lipids
Structure found in the nucleus made up of DNA
Chromoes
Organelles which provide energy to the cell
Mitochondria
A structure found inside of a cell which carries out a specific function
Organelle
The name given to the more robust ribosomal subunit
Large
Ribosomes are composed of two subunits which are called the ____ and _______ ribosomal subunits respectively
Large and small
The name given to the more diminutive ribosomal subunit
Small
These chemicals are a major component of the cell membrane
Phospholipids
The name given to the model which is used to describe the composition of the cell membrane and
Fluid mosaic
Process that takes place in the mitochondria where sugar and oxygen are combined to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy
Cellular respiration
Structure which surrounds the cell contents and monitors the passage of materials in and out of the cell
Cell membrane
A matrix of microtubules and actin filaments which provides internal stability to the cell
Cytoskeleton
Folded layers of membrane which act as transport corridors through the cytoplasm of the cell
Endoplasmicreticulum
The outer and inner surfaces of the cell membrane are called _________ because they associate well with water
Hydrophilic
Folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane where the cellular respiration reactions occur
Cristae
A small vacuole - often secreted by the golgi apparatus
Vesicle
The central area of a mitochondrion
Matrix
These structures are a component of the cytoskeleton and aid with internal movement of the structures within the cell
Actin filament
_____ ER is where protein synthesis occurs
Rough ER
Organelle responsible for protein synthesis
Ribosome
Part of the cell responsible for controlling cellular functions
Nucleus
Lysosomes contains digestive _______ to help break down materials in the cell
Digestive enzymes
This substance makes up chromosomes and codes for proteins
DNA
