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Biology 12 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory?

cells must contain DNA

all living things are made of cells

new cells can only come from pre-existing cells

cells are the basic unit of life

A

Cells must contain DNA

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2
Q

The word cyto means:

A

Cell

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3
Q

Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called

A

Organelles

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4
Q

Which technology was essential for the development of the cell theory?

A

Microscopes

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5
Q

Which of the following is a living organism based on the cell theory?

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Eukaryotic cells:

are thought to have evolved when a larger cell engulfed a smaller cell

are the most ancient type of cell

are the smallest type of cell

do not have a nucleus

A

are thought to have evolved when a larger cell engulfed a smaller cell

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7
Q

The mitochondria has a _____ membrane

A

Double membrane

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8
Q

Watery fluid found inside of a cell

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

An organelle used for the storage of various substances within the cell

A

Vacuole

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10
Q

There substances are scattered in a mosaic throughout the cell membrane

A

Proteins

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11
Q

The cell walls of plants are made from this polysaccharide

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

The number of ribosomal subunits

A

Two

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13
Q

The middle part of the cell membrane is called “_______”

A

Hydrophobic

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14
Q

Organelle which stores and packages proteins within the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

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15
Q

Short hair-like structures which aid in cell locomotion

A

Cilia

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16
Q

Proteins that associate with DNA to form the chromosomes

A

Histone

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17
Q

A dark region within the nucleus which produces rRNA

A

Nucleolus

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18
Q

The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

Diffusion

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19
Q

Specialized vacuoles which contain digestive enzymes used to break down unwanted materials within the cell

A

Lysosome

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20
Q

Nuclear _____ are openings in the nuclear membrane where substances made in the nucleus can escape

A

Nuclear pores

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21
Q

This substance is made during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration

A

Glucose

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22
Q

The idea that all living organisms are composed of cells and that only cells can produce new cells

A

Cell theory

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23
Q

Cellular __________ occurs in the mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration

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24
Q

This substance is a Nucleic acid which is a structural component of ribosomes

A

rRNA

25
Q

A whip-like projection from the cell used for locomotion

A

Flagellum

26
Q

Cells which have membrane-bound nucleus

A

Eukaryotic cells

27
Q

Cells which do not have a true nucleus - usually smaller in size

A

Prokaryotic

28
Q

Protein synthesis found in animal cells which aid in the process of cell division and creation of basal bodies

A

Centrioles

29
Q

The structure which controls the amount of light entering the microscope

A

Diaphragm

30
Q

The structures found at the base of cilia or flagella

A

Basal bodies

31
Q

A general term for describing pigment containing organelles found only in plant cells

A

Plastids

32
Q

_______ ER is where lipid production occurs

A

Smooth ER

33
Q

Structure surrounding the cell membrane in plant cells

A

Cell wall

34
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are related because they are both involved in the capture / release of

A

Energy

35
Q

Organelle which conducts photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

36
Q

These substances are made by the smooth ER

A

Lipids

37
Q

Structure found in the nucleus made up of DNA

A

Chromoes

38
Q

Organelles which provide energy to the cell

A

Mitochondria

39
Q

A structure found inside of a cell which carries out a specific function

A

Organelle

40
Q

The name given to the more robust ribosomal subunit

A

Large

41
Q

Ribosomes are composed of two subunits which are called the ____ and _______ ribosomal subunits respectively

A

Large and small

42
Q

The name given to the more diminutive ribosomal subunit

A

Small

43
Q

These chemicals are a major component of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

44
Q

The name given to the model which is used to describe the composition of the cell membrane and

A

Fluid mosaic

45
Q

Process that takes place in the mitochondria where sugar and oxygen are combined to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy

A

Cellular respiration

46
Q

Structure which surrounds the cell contents and monitors the passage of materials in and out of the cell

A

Cell membrane

47
Q

A matrix of microtubules and actin filaments which provides internal stability to the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

48
Q

Folded layers of membrane which act as transport corridors through the cytoplasm of the cell

A

Endoplasmicreticulum

49
Q

The outer and inner surfaces of the cell membrane are called _________ because they associate well with water

A

Hydrophilic

50
Q

Folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane where the cellular respiration reactions occur

A

Cristae

51
Q

A small vacuole - often secreted by the golgi apparatus

A

Vesicle

52
Q

The central area of a mitochondrion

A

Matrix

53
Q

These structures are a component of the cytoskeleton and aid with internal movement of the structures within the cell

A

Actin filament

54
Q

_____ ER is where protein synthesis occurs

A

Rough ER

55
Q

Organelle responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

56
Q

Part of the cell responsible for controlling cellular functions

A

Nucleus

57
Q

Lysosomes contains digestive _______ to help break down materials in the cell

A

Digestive enzymes

58
Q

This substance makes up chromosomes and codes for proteins

A

DNA

Biology 12 (3 decks)

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