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Protestant Reformation Flashcards

1
Q

Martin Luther

A

German; Challenged the Roman Catholic Church (idea of indulgences); Excommunicated; Rebellion marked the Protestant Reformation

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2
Q

Major Figures in Lutheranism

A

Martin Luther; Johannes Gutenberg

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3
Q

Indulgence

A

Money that the Catholic Church collects which “excuses” people from doing penance for their sins (easier to go to heaven); Seen as religious fraud; Signs of greed - authorities claiming powers belonging to God; Humans have power to absolve sins and grant permission to heaven

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4
Q

What document did Martin Luther wrote?

A

95 Theses

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5
Q

95 Theses

A

Document where Martin Luther denounced the sale of indulgences

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6
Q

Protestants

A

Followers of Martin Luther’s belief

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7
Q

What is the core of Lutheran beliefs?

A

Justification by faith alone - Bible is the only religious authority; People must already be a good person; Earn salvation + entry to heaven through faith in promises of God (belief in God)

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8
Q

What are Lutheran beliefs?

A

Only God has the power to absolve sings and grant permission to heaven; Salvation and entry to heaven through belief / promises of God

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9
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

Invented printing press; Helped Martin with his published works condemning the Roman church

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10
Q

John Calvin

A

French; Believed in Lutheranism

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11
Q

What did John Calvin write?

A

Institutes of the Christian Religion

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12
Q

Major Figures for Calvinism

A

John Calvin

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13
Q

Institutes of the Christian Religion

A

Treatise that codified Protestant teachings and presented them as an organized package

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14
Q

The Elect

A

Person who is predestined for salvation regardless of their deeds on earth

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15
Q

Predestination

A

God have already determined the individuals going to heaven + saved from damnation

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16
Q

Geneva

A

Important missionary center for Calvinism

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17
Q

Calvinists

A

Followers of Calvin’s beliefs; Dress simply; Regularly study Bible; Refrain from activities like dancing

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18
Q

Beliefs of Calvinism

A

Agrees mostly with Luther but not all; If you tell people that they don’t need to do good deeds, then they would turn bad

19
Q

King Henry VIII

A

Head of the Anglican church

20
Q

Belief of Anglicanism

A

Holy Trinity; Influences from Protestant + Lutherans; Clergy can marry; Services are in English

21
Q

How is Anglicanism and Catholicism different?

A

In Anglicanism, the king can get a divorce

22
Q

Council of Trent

A

Assembly of bishops, cardinals, and high church officials from the Catholic Church who meet to address doctrine and reform

23
Q

Society of Jesus

A

Advanced education + politics; Discipline + determination

24
Q

Ignatius Loyola

A

Founder of Catholicism;

25
Q

Jesuits

A

Members of the Society of Jesus; Group of priests who are formed during the renaissance - humanist with professional soldiers; Good education so ppl know the difference from right and wrong (intellectuals); Create schools around Europe; Humanists

26
Q

30 Years War

A

Highest point of religious wars

27
Q

Major Figures of Catholicism

A

St.Ignatius Loyola; Pope

28
Q

What are Catholicism beliefs?

A

Earn salvation + entry to heaven through good work or others’ prayers; Witch hunts; Simony; Faith and good deeds

29
Q

Simony

A

Buying a job in the Catholic Church

30
Q

Catholicism on Heaven and Hell

A

World is a test and you prove your worthiness by the decisions you make; Good person / good decisions = make your way into heaven; Purgatory: The person is too good to go to hell but not enough to heaven (Indulgence: Too much goodness so God)
Treasury of Grace - People can buy extra goodness to get into heaven

31
Q

Major Figures of Mennonites

A

Menno Simons

32
Q

What are followers of Mennonites like?

A

Complete pacifists; No active violence of any king

33
Q

“The Ban”

A

Excommunication from church = Excommunication from the whole society

34
Q

Political of Reformation Era

A

Political -> Religious; Reflection of political power struggle

35
Q

Nation States

A

Borders correlate with cultures; King protects cultured people

36
Q

Wars of the Roses

A

War in England that wiped out most of the nobles; Resolve: Royal wedding

37
Q

New Monarchies

A

Power is in the single hand of 1 person; Government where a single person holds absolute power

38
Q

New Monarchs

A

Rulers of England, France, and Spain

39
Q

Habsburgs

A

Family who dominated the Holy Roman Empire + Europe

40
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

A

Completed the Reconquista and Political Legitimacy; Spanish Crusade; Create a Spanish identity

41
Q

New Spanish Identity

A

Being Catholic

42
Q

Moriscos

A

Muers who converted to Catholic; Untrustful

43
Q

Marranoes

A

Jews who converted to Catholic; Untrustful

44
Q

Charles V / Carlos I

English (9 decks)

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