protestant doctrinal reforms

Question 1

privy council

Answer 1

wanted to introduce some moderate protestant reforms

opposed by Conservatives- Henry’s will said no religious changes till he was 18

Question 2

royal commissioners

Answer 2

sent to visit the bishoprics to compile a report by autumn 1547 on the state of clergy and doctrines and practises

Question 3

spread of protestant ideas

Answer 3

every parish ordered to contain Cranmer’s Book of Homilies and Paraphrases by Erasmus

by 1549, this had been achieved in almost all parishes

Question 4

english

Answer 4

July bishops were ordered to get clergy to preach in English and preach a sermon every Sunday

Question 5

libraries

Answer 5

bishops were told to create libraries of protestant literature and provide an English bible for each parish

and encourgae the laity to read the books

Question 6

moves towards Protestantism

Answer 6

the modest moves didn’t satisfy the protestant activists

protestant exiles returning from the continent after Henry’s death

Question 7

Catholic backlash

Answer 7

fear of introducing Protestantism too quickly would result in catholic uprising

as a result Henrician reason, heresy and censorship laws weren’t enforced

Question 8

radical protestants

Answer 8

launched a pamphlet campaign on the catholic church and bishops- accused of being self-seeking royal servants and not true pastors

Question 9

riots

Answer 9

in London, East Anglia, Essex and Lincolnshire, where large numbers of protestant refugees from the continent were settling

often lead to Iconoclasm

Question 10

action against the riots

Answer 10

Privy council refused to take action- this inaction enraged conservative bishops, like Bishop Bonner- led to his imprisonment for 2 months

Question 11

parliament and convocation

Answer 11

summoned in November 1547

in favour of reform

but privy council still reluctant to make any decisive move towards religious reform as the regime was felt insecure still

Question 12

chantries act

Answer 12

1548

aim to raise money for the wars with scotland and France

reason given was that they were centres of superstition

Question 13

treason act

Answer 13

english translations of Calvin and Luther were being circulated at this time

led to freedom of protestant activists

Question 14

confusion of reform

Answer 14

• JPs were ordered to enforce Transubtaniation
• on the other hand, instructions were issued to speed up the removal of catholic images

the indecision infuriated reformers and conservatives alike

Question 15

successful campaign in scotland

Answer 15

this allowed Somerset and his council to be in a stronger position to move towards religious reform in Nov 1548

Question 16

First Edwardian Act of Uniformity

Answer 16

passed in Jan 1549- aim to end the uncertainty over religious doctrine

services in English, clergy and laity both to take the bread and wine and permission for the clergy to marry

Question 17

undecided religious matters after 1549

Answer 17

no clear statement on purgatory

worship of statues was discouraged

no change to feast days

Question 18

Eucharist changes

Answer 18

still defined by catholic terms of transubstantiation

angered protestant reformers

Question 19

cautious measures

Answer 19

to satisfy moderate reformers, without enraging Catholics

no penalties were to be imposed on the laity for non-attendance - didn’t want to antagonise the laity

Question 20

educating clergy

Answer 20

with protestant ideas from July 1547

Question 21

as soon as the news of Henry’s death

Answer 21

reached the continent, Protestants who had fled in the 30s and 40s began returning and settled on the East Coast - their radical demands caused frequent clashes with the local community