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Nutrition > Proteins, Vit and Mins > Flashcards

Proteins, Vit and Mins Flashcards

1
Q

Magnesium

Major or minor

A

critical for enzyme function

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2
Q

Phosphorus

Major or minor

A

Found in DNA and RNA, energy transfer during metabolism

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3
Q

What major minerals are used for energy metabolism

A

Chloride
Sodium
Potassium

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4
Q

Potassium

A

Helps with heartbeat

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5
Q

Sulfur /sulfate

A

energy metabolism

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6
Q

What trace minerals are responsible for blood health

A

Iron (hemoglobin)
Zinc
Copper

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7
Q

What trace minerals are responsible for bone health

A

Manganese

Fluoride: make teeth stronger

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8
Q

Vitamin K ___ health?

A

Blood health

  • needed for the clotting process
  • lack = haemorrhaging
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9
Q

Vitamin D __ health?

A

Bone health

  • helps body absorb calcium and phosphorus
  • absorption of these help bones grow
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10
Q

Deficiency of vit d

A

Rickets

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11
Q

What are the water soluable vitamins

A

Vit B and C

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12
Q

Vitamin B

A
  • help with energy metabolism
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13
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vit A, E, D, K

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14
Q

What is the structure of a protein

A

Amino acids have side groups and the side groups determine shape and function

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15
Q

How many essential amino acids are there

A

9

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16
Q

how are proteins made

A

Condensation rxn of amino acids make peptides
Another peptide = tripeptide
Another on a tri = polypeptide

17
Q

Synthesis of new proteins steps

A 
DNA serves as a template 
RNA or mRNA is made (transcription)
mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytosol
Ribsome attaches and brings appropriate tRNA 
Ribosome moves along and creates protein
18
Q

Errors in protein synthesis

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Copying
  3. Reading
19
Q

What is microRNA

A

non-encoding RNA

down regulates protein synthesis

20
Q

Epigenetics

A

genes can be turned on or off

21
Q

What two factors determine protein completeness or quality

A

Digestibility - animals, soy, plants the least

Amount of amino acids

22
Q

Roles of Body Proteins

A

Enzymes - are proteins and proteins create other enzymes
Transporters - hemoglobin transports O2 and lipoproteins transport lipids in blood
Acid-Base Balance - albumin picks up extra H+
Fluid and electrolyte balance - attracted to water and cannot move freely across membranes

23
Q

What is nitrogen balance used for

What is positive, negative and equilb

A

Estimates our protein requirements
More being synthesized than degraded = nitrogen stat is positive - children growing up
More being degraded than synthesized = nitrogen stat is
starvation, stress

24
Q

Who requires more protein

A

Athletes
vegetarians
pregnant woman
adol + infants

25
Q

Protein excess

A

Heart disease: protein from animal products often contains a lot of fat
Kidney disease: worsens kidney disease
Bone loss: high protein promotes calcium secretion (soy seems to be protective of this)

26
Q

Semiveg

A

no red meat

27
Q

Pescoveg

A

excludes poultry, only seafood

28
Q

Lacto ovo veg

A

only animal by products

29
Q

lactoveg

A

no egggs

30
Q

ovo veg

A

no dairy

31
Q

vegan

A

only plant based products

32
Q

What does vitamins bioavail depend on

A
  • efficiency of absorption
  • previous nutrient intake
  • other food consumed
  • prep
  • source
33
Q

What are precursors

A

Inactive forms of vitamins aka pro vitamins

34
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

Vit B - energy metabolism

C - antixodiant - iron in the intestines

35
Q

What is the precursor for Vit A?

A

beta carotene - very effective antioxidant

36
Q

What does vit A do

A
  • cell differentiation, gene expression and integrity of tissues
36
Q

What minerals are responsible for electrolyte balance

A

Sodium
Chloride
Potassium

Nutrition (6 decks)

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