Proteins, Vit and Mins Flashcards
Magnesium
Major or minor
critical for enzyme function
Phosphorus
Major or minor
Found in DNA and RNA, energy transfer during metabolism
What major minerals are used for energy metabolism
Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Potassium
Helps with heartbeat
Sulfur /sulfate
energy metabolism
What trace minerals are responsible for blood health
Iron (hemoglobin)
Zinc
Copper
What trace minerals are responsible for bone health
Manganese
Fluoride: make teeth stronger
Vitamin K ___ health?
Blood health
- needed for the clotting process
- lack = haemorrhaging
Vitamin D __ health?
Bone health
- helps body absorb calcium and phosphorus
- absorption of these help bones grow
Deficiency of vit d
Rickets
What are the water soluable vitamins
Vit B and C
Vitamin B
- help with energy metabolism
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vit A, E, D, K
What is the structure of a protein
Amino acids have side groups and the side groups determine shape and function
How many essential amino acids are there
9
how are proteins made
Condensation rxn of amino acids make peptides
Another peptide = tripeptide
Another on a tri = polypeptide
Synthesis of new proteins steps
DNA serves as a template RNA or mRNA is made (transcription) mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytosol Ribsome attaches and brings appropriate tRNA Ribosome moves along and creates protein
Errors in protein synthesis
- Genetic
- Copying
- Reading
What is microRNA
non-encoding RNA
down regulates protein synthesis
Epigenetics
genes can be turned on or off
What two factors determine protein completeness or quality
Digestibility - animals, soy, plants the least
Amount of amino acids
Roles of Body Proteins
Enzymes - are proteins and proteins create other enzymes
Transporters - hemoglobin transports O2 and lipoproteins transport lipids in blood
Acid-Base Balance - albumin picks up extra H+
Fluid and electrolyte balance - attracted to water and cannot move freely across membranes
What is nitrogen balance used for
What is positive, negative and equilb
Estimates our protein requirements
More being synthesized than degraded = nitrogen stat is positive - children growing up
More being degraded than synthesized = nitrogen stat is
starvation, stress
Who requires more protein
Athletes
vegetarians
pregnant woman
adol + infants
