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Nutrition > Digestion, Absorption etc > Flashcards

Digestion, Absorption etc Flashcards

1
Q

What is appetite?

A

Psychological desire for foods

  • driven by environmental cues (senses)
  • triggered by association
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2
Q

Hunger and satiety

A
  • physiological function
  • not food specific
  • appetite can over power hunger
  • regulated by the brain, esp hypothalamus
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3
Q

What foods keep you full longer? Shortest?

A

Protein and bulky = longer

Carbs and semi sold or liquids = shorter

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4
Q

Anatomy of the gi system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine then large

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5
Q

Where does digestion start and what happen?

A 
Mechanical = chewing 
Chemical = saliva mixes with food
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6
Q

Three salivary glands secret saliva that contain

A

Amylase - break down starches
Ab and enzymes - protect teeth
bicarbonate - neutralize

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7
Q

Digestion: mouth to esophagus

A

swallowing passes the food through the pharynx
once food is swallowed, becomes a bolus
swallowing causes epligottis to close trachea

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8
Q

Digestion: esophagus to stomach

A

eso has a sphincter on each end

passes through the gastrophageal sphincter to the stomach

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9
Q

Digestion: Stomach

A
  • gastric acidic juices and turns bolus into chyme

- released through the pyloric sphincter into small intestine

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10
Q

What does the gastric juices contain

“HEMI”

A
  • hydrochloric acid
  • enzymes
  • mucous: protects stomach lining
  • intrinsic factor
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11
Q

Liver excretes what during digestion

Stored where?

A

Bile - helps emulsifies fats

Gallbladder stores bile

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12
Q

Digestion: what does the pancreas secret?

What does it do?

A

Sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize chyme

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13
Q

Digestion: lipids

What is in the stomach that degrades lipids?

A

Lingual lipase and gastric lipase

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14
Q

Digestion: lipids
What is in the small intestine that helps with digestion
(2)

A
  • bile that emulsifies fat (brings water into suspension)

- pancreatic lipase

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15
Q

What are the by-product of lipids?

A

Monoaglyceride (glyceride +1 FA) and two individual FA units

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16
Q

Digestion: protein

What is in the stomach that helps with digestion?

A
  • acid denatures proteins

- pepsin: cleaves proteins into smaller

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17
Q

Digestion: proteins

What are things that can degrade peptide?

A

Small intestine

- intestinal protease, dipeptidase, tripeptidase

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18
Q

What is peristalsis and segmentation

A

1) circular and longitudinal muscles contract to move food along
2) circular muscles contract to break up food

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19
Q

Active transport

Facil

A

active; glucose and galactose

facil; fructose

20
Q

How are lipids absorbed? (ie. chylo)

A
  • intestinal cells assemble products of digestion (choles, phospho, remade triglycerides) and transports them
  • they cluster together with proteins –> chylomicron
  • chylo are released into the lymphatic system
21
Q

The role of micelles and enterocytes in absorption

Absorption of what macronutrient?

A

Lipids

  • micelles collect lipids and bring them into enterocytes
  • enterocytes (epithelial cells of intestines) absorb products of digestion
22
Q

What products can go directly into the blood?

A

Short and medium fatty acid chains

23
Q

Intestinal cells and absorb what proteins

A

Tripeptides
Dipeptides
Amoino acids

24
Q

How are tri and di broken down?

A

Broken down by tripeptidase and dipeptidase

they are broken down into the smallest unit

25
Q

Where do broken down peptides go after absorption?

A

Amino acids go to the liver

26
Q

What is competitive inhibition?

A

Overconsumption of one amino acids can inhibit the absorption of another

27
Q

What sphincter connects to the large intestine?

A

Ileocecal valve

28
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

undigested particles are fermented by bacteria

29
Q

What happens if there is a micrbiome imbalance

A

Diarrhea, constipation and obesity

30
Q

What is a probiotic

A

Bacteria in foods that is needed to increase the intestinal micro biome
ie. fermented milk, veggies

31
Q

What are prebiotics

A

promotes growth of good bacteria

32
Q

Synbiotics

A

mix of pro and pre - viability of colon

33
Q

What does the lymphatic system do

A
  • transports fat soluble proteins
  • returns fluid back to blood
  • transports lipoproteins
34
Q

What are the four types of lipoproteins

A

chylo
VLDL
LDL
HDL

35
Q

Describe the lifecycle of lipoproteins

A

as chylo circulates, cells remove lipid contents
liver reassembles them into diff lipoproteins
becomes VLDL
triglycerides are removed from VLDL, making it becomes LDL –> bad because cholesterol is being deposited into peripheral tissues
cholest is packed into lipoproteins and HDL are made

36
Q

Insulin vs Glucogen

A

?

37
Q

Where are lipids store and what is the storage capacity

A

Adipose tissue

Unlimited, hypertrophy and hyperplasia

38
Q

What happens when the stomach distends

A

decreased GI transit time

39
Q

What happens when there is a bulk of insoluble fibre

A

increased GI transit time

40
Q

What do g cells do

A

Secrete Gastrin, increased gastrin increases gastric acid

41
Q

Gastrin feedback system

A

pH over 5 = released

ph less 3 = inhibited

42
Q

Secreten stimulates and purpose for that is?

A

the pancreas to release sodium bicarb to neutralize chyme

43
Q

secretin feedback loop

A

under ph 4.5 = released

over 4.5 = inhibited

44
Q

What is CCK used for

A
  • release bile for fat digestion

- reduces feelings of fullness

45
Q

feedback for cck

A

lipid rich chyme = released

lipid poor chyme = inhibited

46
Q

purpose of Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

A

Stimulates insulin secretion

47
Q

feedback for gip

A

hyperosmotic chyme = released

hypo = inhibited

Nutrition (6 decks)

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