Proteins in Action Flashcards
Many proteins are composed of seperate […]
Many proteins are composed of seperate functional domains
What is a protein domain?
A protein domain is the segment of a polypeptide chain that can fold independently into a compact, stable structure
Protein domains may be […] during evolution to create proteins with […]
Protein domains may be recombined during evolution to create proteins with different functions
Quarternary Structure of Proteins: Proteins can consist of many […]
Quarternary Structure of Proteins: Proteins can consist of many individual polypetide chains (also known as subunits)
[…] between cysteine residues help to stabalize favorable protein confirmations of secreted proteins
Disulfide bonds between cysteine residues help to stabalize favorable protein confirmations of secreted proteins
Disulfide bonds can only form in […] environments like:
- Outside of cells
- Lumen of ER or other orgnalled in the secretory pathway and endocytic pathway
Disulfide bonds can only form in oxidizing environments like:
- Outside of cells
- Lumen of ER or other orgnalled in the secretory pathway and endocytic pathway
Insulin, the first protein sequenced by (Fred Sanger) is stablized by […] bonds
Insulin, the first protein sequenced by (Fred Sanger) is stablized by disulfide bonds
Some macromolecular complexes contain […] and […]
Some macromolecular complexes contain proteins and RNA i.e the ribosome contains 4 RNAs and 82 different proteins
It is believed that life originated with […], being both the genetic material and performing all enzymatic reactions
It is believed that life originated with RNA, being both the genetic material and performing all enzymatic reactions
Selective binding of protein to ligand depends on a set of […]
Selective binding of protein to ligand depends on a set of weak non covalent interactions
Binding sites allow a protein to interact with very specific […]
Binding sites allow a protein to interact with very specific ligands
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are catalysts that speed-up the rates of chemical reactions and can provide specificity, which means that cells can “choose” which reactions they will catalyze
Enzymes […] chemical reactions while remaining unchanged themselves
Enzymes catalyze (speed-up) chemical reactions while remaining unchanged themselves
How to enzymes catalyze reactions?
Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier
Enzymes speed up reaction ratesm, but do not change whether […]
Enzymes speed up reaction ratesm, but do not change whether a reaction is favorable or not
Enzymes […] the relative energies of reactants and products
Enzymes cannot change the relative energies of reactants and products
Enzymes catalyze reactions by […]
Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier
How can cells carry out unfavorable reactions?
Reaction “coupling” can drive an energtically unfavorable reaction
A […] free energy release will drive a coupled reaction forward
A net free energy release will drive a coupled reaction forward
What is the most widely used chemical energy source in cells?
ATP is the most widely used chemical energy source in cells
ATP hydrolysis releases […]
ATP hydrolysis releases lots of energy
What is hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis is when a molecule of H20 breaks a bond
The energy released by ATP hyrdolysis is […] to hundreds of reactions in cells
The energy released by ATP hyrdolysis is coupled to hundreds of reactions in cells
An energetically unfavorable reaction can be driven by […] to ATP hydrolysis
An energetically unfavorable reaction can be driven by coupling to ATP hydrolysis
