Carbohydrates and Nucleic acids Flashcards
What are covalent bonds?
Typical “bond” between atoms i.e the bonds between atoms in CO2
What is an Ionic bond?
Bond dissociated by water, resulting in ions (charged atoms or molecules) i.e the bond between atoms in NaCl
In biomechanical modules, the interactions between ions is called […] interactions.
In biomechanical modules, the interactions between ions is called electrostatic interactions.
What are the three types of macromolecules?
- polysaccharide
- protein
- nucleic acid
What is a polysaccharide?
A marcromolecule made out of dozens of different monosaccarides
What is a protein?
A macromolecule made out of 20 different amino acids
What is a nucleic acid?
A macromolecule made out of 4 different nucleotides in DNA
Biological polymers (macromolecules) are formed by […] of monomers, where a molecule is released during the reaction.
Biological polymers (macromolecules) are formed by condensation of monomers, where a molecule is released during the reaction
Monosaccharides are […] monomers
Monosaccharides are carbohydrate monomers
“Carbohydrate” = carbon + water
What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates?
(CH20)n where n is 3, 4, 5, or 6
What are the primary functions of polysaccharides?
- Energy stroage (glycogen) and structural support
- Protein and lipid modification (“oligosaccharides”)
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid - the genetic material
What is RNA?
ribonucleic acid - information transfer and other functions
What are the monomers of DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides are the monomers of DNA and RNA and contains:
- Nitrogen-containing base
- Sugar
- Phosphate
DNA uses […] nucleotides
DNA uses AGCT nucleotides
RNA uses […] nucleotides
RNA uses AGCU nucleotides
The base C is “cytosine” but when the base is connected to
ribose the molecule is called […] =>and if phosphate is also connected: […]
The base C is “cytosine” but when the base is connected to ribose the molecule is called cytidine.
=>and if phosphate is also connected: Cytidine mono-phosphate (“CMP”)
Nucleotides are joined by a […] linkage
Nucleotides are joined by a phosphodiester linkage
What does each letter in GATC stand for in DNA?
Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine
The DNA in chromosomes is double stranded and the two strands are […]
The DNA in chromosomes is double stranded and the two strands are anti-parallel
DNA acts as a template for its own […]
DNA acts as a template for its own duplication
DNA is always synthesizes in the […] direction
DNA is always synthesized in the 5’-to-3’ direction
DNA in chromosomes is highly compacted: […] enable formation of […]
DNA is chromosomes is a highly compacted: Histone proteins enable formation of chromatin
What is the “Central Dogma” of Molecular Biology?
DNA Sequence is transcribed to an mRNA sequence that is translated to created a protein sequence
