proteins, enzymes and ATP

Question 1

what three groups make up an amino acid

Answer 1

amino group
r group
carboxylic acid group

Question 2

what is the amino group

Answer 2

H-N-H

Question 3

what is the carboxylic acid group

Answer 3

OH-C–O

Question 4

how many naturally occuring amino acids exist

Answer 4

20

Question 5

what type of reaction occurs when two amino acids form a dipeptide

Answer 5

condensation reaction

Question 6

what are the four levels of structure in protiens

Answer 6

• primary
• secondary
• tertiary
• quaternary-

Question 7

what are the the bonds in proteins

Answer 7

• hydrogen bonds
• hydrophillic / phobic interactions
• ionic bonds
• disulfide bonds

Question 8

what secondary structures of protein are there

Answer 8

• alpha helix
• beta pleated sheets

Question 9

What is the difference between tertiary and quaternary structures

Answer 9

quaternary has two or more chains of polypeptides interlinked with eachother

Question 10

what are polar molecules

Answer 10

partial negatives and partial positives charge on the two atoms

Question 11

describe how peptide bond is formed between two amino acids to form a dipeptide

Answer 11

a condensation reaction occurs between the amino group and the carboxylic acid group

Question 12

the secondary structure of a polypeptide is produced by bonds between amino acids - describe how

Answer 12

hydrogen bonds forming forming beta - sheets and alpha - helix

Question 13

what type of proteins are enzymes

Answer 13

globular proteins

Question 14

what do enzymes do

Answer 14

speed up rate of reaction
lowers activation energy without being used up

Question 15

what is the lock and key model

Answer 15

substrate fit exactly into the shape of the enzyme

Question 16

what is the induced fit model

Answer 16

enzyme changes the shape of its active site according to the shape of the substrate

Question 17

describe how the monomers join to form the primary structure of a protein

Answer 17

monomers join together in a condensation reaction to form a peptide bond. Process repeats and creates a sequence of amino acids

Question 18

what is the effect of PH on enzyme reaction

Answer 18

acid has H+ ions and alkali has OH- ions
interact with protein structure and alters ionic and hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure changes therefore active site changes and substrate no longer fits

Question 19

what is a competitive inhibitors

Answer 19

binds to enzyme active site
similar structure to substrate
slows production
mostly reversible

Question 20

what is a non competitive inhibitor

Answer 20

binds to the allosteric site on enzyme
alters the shape of the active site so substrate can no longer fit
slows production

Question 21

what is the use of ATP

Answer 21

when broken down releases a quick large amount of energy
transfers within cells