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BIOLOGY A-LEVEL > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a monosaccharide

A

1 sugar

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2
Q

what is a polysaccharide

A

many sugars

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3
Q

what is an example of a monosaccharide

A

glucose

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4
Q

what is an example of a polysaccharide

A

starch, cellulose

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5
Q

what is the alpha glucose structure

A
  • two hydroxides on the bottom
  • two hydrogens on the top
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6
Q

what is the beta glucose structure

A
  • one hydrogen and one hydroxide on the top
  • one hydrogen and one hydroxide on the bottom
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7
Q

what type of bond forms when two monosaccharides join

A

glycosidic bond

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8
Q

what type of reaction forms disaccharides from monosaccharides

A

condensation reaction
( loses water )

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9
Q

how does a disaccharide form two monosaccharides

A
  • disaccharide is HYDROLYSED
    ( water is added )
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10
Q

properties of starch

A
  • helical structure
  • insoluble
  • main plant storage sugar
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11
Q

what is glycogen

A

storage of glucose in animals and fungi

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12
Q

why is glycogen a good storage

A

highly branched and not coiled

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13
Q

what is cellulose made up

A

beta glucose

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14
Q

what are the issues of cellulose properties

A

both sides are polar

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15
Q

what are microfibrils

A

chains of beta glucose which run parrallel to eachother
- very strong

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16
Q

what are fibrils

A

microfibrils bonded together to make a strong support
- what a plant cell wall is made of
- provides a strong structure

17
Q

What is the structure of glycogen and how does it relate to its function

A

Highly branched - be hydrolysed rapidly
Large molecule - cannot diffuse out of the call
Compact - more can be stored

18
Q

What is glycogen a polysaccharide of

A

Alpha glucose

19
Q

What is starch a polysaccharide

A

Alpha glucose

20
Q

What is cellulose a polysaccharide from

A

Beta glucose

21
Q

What is maltose made from
Hint - two monosaccharides

A

Glucose + glucose

22
Q

What is sucrose made from
Hint two monosaccharides

A

Glucose + fructose

23
Q

What is lactose made from
Hint two types of monosaccharides

A

Glucose + galactose

24
Q

Definition of a monomer

A

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made of

25
Q

Definition of a polymer

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

BIOLOGY A-LEVEL (10 decks)

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