Carbohydrates

Question 1

what is a monosaccharide

Answer 1

1 sugar

Question 2

what is a polysaccharide

Answer 2

many sugars

Question 3

what is an example of a monosaccharide

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

what is an example of a polysaccharide

Answer 4

starch, cellulose

Question 5

what is the alpha glucose structure

Answer 5

• two hydroxides on the bottom
• two hydrogens on the top

Question 6

what is the beta glucose structure

Answer 6

• one hydrogen and one hydroxide on the top
• one hydrogen and one hydroxide on the bottom

Question 7

what type of bond forms when two monosaccharides join

Answer 7

glycosidic bond

Question 8

what type of reaction forms disaccharides from monosaccharides

Answer 8

condensation reaction
( loses water )

Question 9

how does a disaccharide form two monosaccharides

Answer 9

• disaccharide is HYDROLYSED
  ( water is added )

Question 10

properties of starch

Answer 10

• helical structure
• insoluble
• main plant storage sugar

Question 11

what is glycogen

Answer 11

storage of glucose in animals and fungi

Question 12

why is glycogen a good storage

Answer 12

highly branched and not coiled

Question 13

what is cellulose made up

Answer 13

beta glucose

Question 14

what are the issues of cellulose properties

Answer 14

both sides are polar

Question 15

what are microfibrils

Answer 15

chains of beta glucose which run parrallel to eachother
- very strong

Question 16

what are fibrils

Answer 16

microfibrils bonded together to make a strong support
- what a plant cell wall is made of
- provides a strong structure

Question 17

What is the structure of glycogen and how does it relate to its function

Answer 17

Highly branched - be hydrolysed rapidly
Large molecule - cannot diffuse out of the call
Compact - more can be stored

Question 18

What is glycogen a polysaccharide of

Answer 18

Alpha glucose

Question 19

What is starch a polysaccharide

Answer 19

Alpha glucose

Question 20

What is cellulose a polysaccharide from

Answer 20

Beta glucose

Question 21

What is maltose made from
Hint - two monosaccharides

Answer 21

Glucose + glucose

Question 22

What is sucrose made from
Hint two monosaccharides

Answer 22

Glucose + fructose

Question 23

What is lactose made from
Hint two types of monosaccharides

Answer 23

Glucose + galactose

Question 24

Definition of a monomer

Answer 24

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made of

Question 25

Definition of a polymer

Answer 25

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together