Carbohydrates Flashcards
what is a monosaccharide
1 sugar
what is a polysaccharide
many sugars
what is an example of a monosaccharide
glucose
what is an example of a polysaccharide
starch, cellulose
what is the alpha glucose structure
- two hydroxides on the bottom
- two hydrogens on the top
what is the beta glucose structure
- one hydrogen and one hydroxide on the top
- one hydrogen and one hydroxide on the bottom
what type of bond forms when two monosaccharides join
glycosidic bond
what type of reaction forms disaccharides from monosaccharides
condensation reaction
( loses water )
how does a disaccharide form two monosaccharides
- disaccharide is HYDROLYSED
( water is added )
properties of starch
- helical structure
- insoluble
- main plant storage sugar
what is glycogen
storage of glucose in animals and fungi
why is glycogen a good storage
highly branched and not coiled
what is cellulose made up
beta glucose
what are the issues of cellulose properties
both sides are polar
what are microfibrils
chains of beta glucose which run parrallel to eachother
- very strong
what are fibrils
microfibrils bonded together to make a strong support
- what a plant cell wall is made of
- provides a strong structure
What is the structure of glycogen and how does it relate to its function
Highly branched - be hydrolysed rapidly
Large molecule - cannot diffuse out of the call
Compact - more can be stored
What is glycogen a polysaccharide of
Alpha glucose
What is starch a polysaccharide
Alpha glucose
What is cellulose a polysaccharide from
Beta glucose
What is maltose made from
Hint - two monosaccharides
Glucose + glucose
What is sucrose made from
Hint two monosaccharides
Glucose + fructose
What is lactose made from
Hint two types of monosaccharides
Glucose + galactose
Definition of a monomer
Smaller units from which larger molecules are made of
Definition of a polymer
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
