cells Flashcards
what is the role of golgi apparatus
processes and packages lipids and carbohydrates
makes lysosomes
features of a golgi apparatus
cisternae - fluid filled sacs
vesicles - small hollow structures
functions of mitochandria
site of aerobic respiration producing ATP
features of mitochandria
-double membrane controls entrance and exit of molecules in and out
- cristae - large SA
- matrix , contains enzymes involving respiration
functions of rough endoplasmic reticulum
-synthesis of proteins
-provides a pathway for materials to be transported throughout the cell
features of rough endoplasmic reticulum
- system of membranes enclosing a fluid space
- ribosomes on outer surface
functions of lysosomes
- breaks down material ingested by a phagocyte
- releases enzymes to destroy material outside the cell
- digests worn at organelles
features of lysosomes
- double membrane
- contains emzymes
what are the two parts that make up the nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear membrane `
what are the functions of the nucleus
- acts as a control for the cell
- produces mRNA
- contains chromosomes, manufactures RNA and ribosomes
features of the nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- double membrane
- nuclear pores allows mRNA
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm jelly
- nucleolus makes mRNA and ribosomes
what are vesicles
transports proteins around the cell
what is a cytoskeleton
a series of protein threads that runs through the cytoplasm
what are the functions of the cytoskeleton
- provides support and structure to the cell
- transports organelles and materials within
- causes a cell to move
what are the 3 parts to the cytoskeleton
- microfilaments
-microtubules - intermediate fibres
what are microfilaments
helps with cell movement, cell contraction
what are microtubules
determines the shape of the cell
and movement of organelles
what are intermediate fibres
strength ad support of the cell
what are specific microtubules
centrioles are microtubules involved in creating and organising spindle fibres
what is flagella
moves the cell
what are cilia and how do they help the cell
surface of the cell
moves objects adjacent to the cell
what is the plant cell wall
- made of celulose
- supports the plant and protects it from pathogens
what are vacuoles
maintain the turgor of the plant
what is the membrane of the vacuole called
tonoplast
what is the function of the membrane of a vacuole
semi permeable to allow small molecules in
what are chloroplasts
the site of the photosynthesis
what are the 4 features of a chloroplast
-stroma
- thylakoid
- granum
- lamella
what is a stroma
fluid in chlorplasts
- contains enzymes for chemical reactions
what is a thylakoid
flattened sacs with a large SA
what is a granum
several thylakoid stacked together and contain chlorophyll
what is a lamella
join the granum together
what are centrioles
- located in the cytoplasm
- organising microtubules and serve as the cells skeletal system
what is a prokaryotic cell
has no membrane bound organelles
what is a bacteria cell wall made of
peptidoglycon
what is a plant cell wall made of
cellulose
what is a fungi cell wall made of
chitin
How does a light microscope work
Used to look at living cells and illuminates with light
Strengths of a light microscope
East to operate
Living and dead organisms
Limitations of light microscopes
Max magnification is 500
Only has a resolution of 0.2 micro metres
How does a scanning microscope work
Scans a beam of electrons onto a specimen
Strengths of an electrons microscope
Produces 3D images
Limitations of a scanning microscope
Only dead cells
Lots of preparation
Cannot see inside structures
How does a transmission microscope work
Transmits a beam of fast moving electrons through a specimen
Strengths of a transmission microscope
High resolution
Internal structures can be seen
Limitations of a transmission microscope
Black and white images
