Proteins, Catalysts and Enzymes Flashcards
What can a protein be?
Hormones, antibodies, catalysts and structural components of tissues
What are enzymes?
Large proteins which control chemical reactions
What is an enzymes shape dependant on?
It’s function
What is the active site?
The area where other molecules can fit in
Where can the substrate in a reaction be held?
In the active site
What can enzymes do?
- build larger molecules from smaller ones
- change one molecule into another
- break larger molecules into smaller ones
What factors effect enzyme reactions?
- higher heats increase the reaction
* different ph’s
What is denature?
Where the active site changes and it no longer works
What can denature an enzyme?
- heats to high / low
* ph’s to alkali / acidic
Can some enzymes work outside body cells?
Yes
Where are digestive enzymes produced?
Specialised cells in the glands
What is amylase?
A carbohydrase which is produced by the salivary glands, pancreas and the small intestines which catalyses the digestion of starch into sugars
What is protease?
It is produced by the stomach, small intestine and the pancreas which catalyses the break down of protein into amino acids
What is lipase?
It is produced by the pancreas and small intestine which catalyses the break down of the lipids (fats/oils)and fatty acids / glycerol
What conditions do protease enzymes work best in?
Acidic
How is the conditions protease acids found in kept acidic?
The stomach wall glands produce hydrochloric acids
What conditions do amylase / lipase work best in?
Alkaline
How are the conditions which amylase / lipase are found in kept alkaline?
The liver produced bile which is squirted in the small intestine neutralising the stomach acids
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What is a biological detergent?
It contains protease / lipase which digest the food stains
What is the benefit of biological detergents?
The enzymes works at lower temperatures
What enzyme is used in baby food?
Protease
What does protease do in baby foods?
Pre digest baby foods
What is isomerase used for?
Converting glucose syrup into fructose syrup
Why are enzymes useful in industry?
They can make reaction happen and normal temperatures / pressures which reduces costs
What are proteins?
Long chains of amino acids
