Proteins, Catalysts and Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What can a protein be?

A

Hormones, antibodies, catalysts and structural components of tissues

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2
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Large proteins which control chemical reactions

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3
Q

What is an enzymes shape dependant on?

A

It’s function

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4
Q

What is the active site?

A

The area where other molecules can fit in

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5
Q

Where can the substrate in a reaction be held?

A

In the active site

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6
Q

What can enzymes do?

A
  • build larger molecules from smaller ones
  • change one molecule into another
  • break larger molecules into smaller ones
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7
Q

What factors effect enzyme reactions?

A
  • higher heats increase the reaction

* different ph’s

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8
Q

What is denature?

A

Where the active site changes and it no longer works

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9
Q

What can denature an enzyme?

A
  • heats to high / low

* ph’s to alkali / acidic

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10
Q

Can some enzymes work outside body cells?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Where are digestive enzymes produced?

A

Specialised cells in the glands

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12
Q

What is amylase?

A

A carbohydrase which is produced by the salivary glands, pancreas and the small intestines which catalyses the digestion of starch into sugars

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13
Q

What is protease?

A

It is produced by the stomach, small intestine and the pancreas which catalyses the break down of protein into amino acids

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14
Q

What is lipase?

A

It is produced by the pancreas and small intestine which catalyses the break down of the lipids (fats/oils)and fatty acids / glycerol

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15
Q

What conditions do protease enzymes work best in?

A

Acidic

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16
Q

How is the conditions protease acids found in kept acidic?

A

The stomach wall glands produce hydrochloric acids

17
Q

What conditions do amylase / lipase work best in?

A

Alkaline

18
Q

How are the conditions which amylase / lipase are found in kept alkaline?

A

The liver produced bile which is squirted in the small intestine neutralising the stomach acids
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19
Q

What is a biological detergent?

A

It contains protease / lipase which digest the food stains

20
Q

What is the benefit of biological detergents?

A

The enzymes works at lower temperatures

21
Q

What enzyme is used in baby food?

A

Protease

22
Q

What does protease do in baby foods?

A

Pre digest baby foods

23
Q

What is isomerase used for?

A

Converting glucose syrup into fructose syrup

24
Q

Why are enzymes useful in industry?

A

They can make reaction happen and normal temperatures / pressures which reduces costs

25
Q

What are proteins?

A

Long chains of amino acids