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GCSE Biology - 4408 > Cell Division and Growth > Flashcards

Cell Division and Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Where 2 identical cells are produced from 1 parent cell

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2
Q

What happens in mitosis?

A

A copy of chromosomes is made from the parent cell and then it divides making each cell identical passing on the same alleles

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3
Q

How many chromosomes are in a normal cell?

A

4 (2 pairs)

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4
Q

What are unspecialised cells in early developing animal / plant embryos called?

A

Stem cells

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5
Q

When do animal cells start to differentiate?

A

Early in development

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6
Q

When do plant cells start to differentiate?

A

Throughout its life as it continues to grow

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7
Q

How are cells from asexual reproduction produced?

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

What is cell devision necessary for?

A

Cell growth and the repair of damaged tissue

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9
Q

How do cells in reproductive organs divide?

A

Meiosis

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10
Q

What does meiosis in reproductive organs produce?

A

Sex cells (gametes)

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11
Q

What are the gametes in humans?

A

Sperm and ova

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12
Q

How are the chromosomes shared through meiosis in gametes?

A

Each gamete has one chromosome from each original pair

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13
Q

Are all gamete cells different?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What happens when gametes join at fertilisation?

A

A single body cell with new pairs of chromosomes are formed and an new individual developed my repeatedly carrying out mitosis

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15
Q

What happens in meiosis?

A
  • a copy of each chromosome is made
  • the cell with the copies the divided into 2
  • these 2 cells immediately divide forming 2 again which all have a different combination of chromosomes
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16
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Unspecialised

17
Q

Where are stem cells found in the human embryo?

A

Adult bone marrow

18
Q

Can stem cells differentiate ?

A

Yes

19
Q

What happens to the layers of cells in the embryo to change into the cells the body needs?

A

They differentiate

20
Q

How can stem cells treat conditions such as paralysis?

A

Because they are unspecialised they can be made to differentiate to become a cell that the body needs to heal

GCSE Biology - 4408 (6 decks)

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