Proteins (B) Flashcards
What is the primary structure?
This refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
What does the sequence of amino acids determine?
The specific shape of the protein
What type of chains are in the primary structure?
Long, straight chains
What exactly is bonded in the primary structure?
The H from the amine groups and the C=O from the carboxyl groups
What is the secondary structure?
Representing the folding or coiling of the polypeptide chain as a result of the hydrogen bonding between amine groups and carboxyl groups
Why do proteins have such a wide variety of roles?
This is because tertiary structures are specific and unique
What is the tertiary structure?
Further folding and coiling of the secondary structure, creating a unique 3D shape due to hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulfide bonds.
What types of secondary structures exist?
Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet
What does the tertiary structure of an enzyme determine?
The shape of its active site and its specific function
List the strengths of the bonds in a tertiary structure, weakest to strongest
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Disulfide bonds
What is the quaternary structure?
When proteins consist of more than one polypeptide chain
What are these polypeptide chains held together by?
Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds
What are the two types of proteins?
Globular
Fibrous
What are the features of globular proteins?
Are soluble in water
They include enzymes, antibodies and hormones
Consist of a highly folded and coiled polypeptide chain to produce a compact, complex tertiary structure
What are the features of fibrous proteins?
Are insoluble in water
Is a secondary structure made up of long polypeptide chains which can form sheets or fibres
The fibres give strength while the sheets give flexibility
Their structural roles in the body are due to their strength and flexibility
