Proteins and lipids

Question 1

Types of lipids

Answer 1

• Triglycerides (Energy store)
• Membrane phospholipids
• Glycolipids ( Specialised component of membranes of nervous system)
• Steroids (Cholestrol/sex hormones)

Question 2

Are lipids formed by linear polymerisation

Answer 2

no

Question 3

Triglycerides as energy store

Answer 3

Very energy efficient even more than glycogen

Question 4

Fats definition

Answer 4

Large molecules assembled by dehydration reactions, contain glycerol and fatty acids that very in length and their number and location of bonds

Question 5

Saturated bonds

Answer 5

no double bonds (rigid fats) eg butter

Question 6

Unsaturated bonds

Answer 6

double bonds (Less packed due to fewer single bonds so dont solidify) eg oil

Question 7

Triglycerides components and reaction

Answer 7

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains made by esterification reactions - Hydrophobic

Question 8

Structure of a phopholipid

Answer 8

Polar group - Phosphate group - glycerol - 2x fatty acid chains

Question 9

Phospholipids are Amphipathic… meaning

Answer 9

Part of their structure is hydrophobic and part of their structure is hydrophilic (dual natured )

Question 10

What does it mean if there are glycosylated protein in a membrane

Answer 10

Its a plasma membrane

Question 11

peripheral proteins

Answer 11

Attached to the outer or inner side of the surface

Question 12

Integral proteins

Answer 12

Thoroughly inserted into the membrane

Question 13

Proteins definition

Answer 13

Linear amino acid polymers of specific 3D structures

Question 14

Term for 3D structure of a protein

Answer 14

its conformation, each protein has one conformation that is specifically designed for its function

Question 15

Fibrous protein

Answer 15

Provides mechanical support eg. Collagen, Alpha Keratin (mammals) Beta keratin (reptiles)

Question 16

Gobular Protein

Answer 16

Interactive/dynamic roles, water soluble and compact Eg. Enzymes and receptors

Question 17

Catalysis - example - cell type

Answer 17

DNA polymerase - all cells

Question 18

Transport and storage - example - cell type

Answer 18

Hemoglobin - Red blood cells

Question 19

Structural - example - cell type

Answer 19

Collagen - Bone, teeth

Question 20

Motility - example - cell type

Answer 20

Myosin - Muscle

Question 21

Receptor - example - cell type

Answer 21

Rhodopsin - retina

Question 22

Signaling - example - cell type

Answer 22

Insulin - Pancreas

Question 23

Immunity - example - cell type

Answer 23

Antibodies - Lymphocytes

Question 24

Regulation - example - cell type

Answer 24

Transcription factors - all cells

Question 25

4 major types of non covalent forces

Answer 25

- Ionic interactions - Hydrogen bonds - Van der Waals forces - D. Hydrophobic interactions

Question 26

D. Hydrophobic interactions

Answer 26

The association of non polar molecules with eachother through their exclusion by water

Question 27

Biologically important properties of water

Answer 27

1. The water molecule is polar and highly reactive 2. water forms hydrogen bonds with itself and any solute capable of hydrogen bonding 3. As a solvent water is excellent for hydrophilic ions and polar molecules but poor for non polar groups

Question 28

What is the hydrophobic effect

Answer 28

Drives the folding of gobular proteins