Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolism
The ability to utilise essential biomolecules in food for life, sum of all biochemical reactions occurring in a cell.
Catabolic reactions
Process of breaking down energy containing nutrients (food) into smaller products as its easier to extract energy from the food. Eg. CO2 H2O and NH3. In this process you produce energy and store it as ATP/NADH/NADPH generates electrons
Anabolic reactions
Making cell macromolecules from precursor molecules by using energy from catabolic reactions uses electrons
NADP+
Co enzyme found in all living cells found as NDAP+(oxidising agent) NADPH (Reducing agent) used in anabolic reactions
Redox state of a cell
ratio of NAD+/NADH, measurement of metabolic activity in a cell
Glycogenesis
Glucose - Glycogen
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen - Glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Pyruvate - glucose
Glycolosis
Glucose - pyruvate
Happens in the cytoplasm
A sequence of 10 enzyme catalysed reactions
FERMENTATION (anaerobic )
Glucose - 2x Pyruvate - Ethanol/lactate
Complete oxidation (Aerobic)
Glucose - 2x Pyruvate - CO2 and H2O
STEP 1 glycolosis
Hexokinase (Delta G negative)
Glucose - Glucose 6 Phosphate
Exothermic
STEP 2
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
Glucose-6-phosphate - Fructose 6 Phosphate
Delta G positive
STEP 3
Phosphofructokinase
Fructose 6 phosphate - Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate
Delta G Negative
STEP 4
Aldolase
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate - Glyeraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) OR dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
Glyeraldehyde-2-phosphate OR dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Delta G positive
Reaction is energetically unfavourable. To make delta G more negative increase reactants to PUSH reaction remove products to PULL reaction
STEP 5
Triose phosphate isomerase
Delta G positive
Glyeraldehyde 3 phosphate to 2 G3P NADP+ to NADH
STEP 6
Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate
dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate - 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate OXIDATION REACTION
Delta G Positive
ATP is. not used to add a phosphate
Energy of the oxidation reaction used to phosphorylate
STEP 7
Phosphoglycerate kinase
