Cells and macromolecules

Question 1

Why is cell chemistry carbon based?

Answer 1

Carbon is highly interactive - can associate to a vast range of stable molecules, forms chain/ring structures and forms double and single bonds. (makes stable structures)

Question 1

Haemoglobin polypeptide chains

Answer 1

2x - Alpha globin
2x - Beta globin

Question 2

4 major macromolecules and their building blocks

Answer 2

Sugars - Polysacchrides
Fatty acids - lipids
Amino acids - proteins
Nucleotides - Nucleic acid

Question 3

Percentage breakdown of components of cells

Answer 3

30% chemicals and 70% water
30% -
- 15% proteins
- 2% Polysaccharides
- 1% DNA
- 4% ions and small molecules
- 6% RNA

Question 4

What is HbA

Answer 4

Adult Haemoglobin forms 1 month after birth and makes up 97% of haemoglobin in body

Question 5

What occurs when there is a mutation of HbA

Answer 5

Results in sickle cell anemia (HbS) which affects the shape of red blood cells which results in a slow of blood flow.

Question 6

Sucrose monomers

Answer 6

Glucose and fructose

Question 7

Maltose monomers

Answer 7

2x glucose

Question 8

Lactose monomers

Answer 8

Galactose and glucose

Question 9

Starch components and type of bond

Answer 9

Alpha glucose - Amylose and amylopectin (glycosidic bond)

Question 10

Cellulose components and type of bond

Answer 10

Beta glucose - hydrogen bonds /glycosidic bonds

Question 11

Glycogen components and type of bond

Answer 11

Alpha glucose - Glycosidic bonds