Proteins and Heme Derivatives (Bishop 9th Ed)

Question 1

What are the elements of protein?

Answer 1

Carbon
Oxygen
Sulfur
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Question 2

What is the function of protein?

Answer 2

• catalyst
• receptor
• provide cell structure
• participate in immune protection
• controls cellular processes
• transport metals

Question 3

Protein structure where amino acids interact through hydrogen bonds with a and b pleated

Answer 3

Secondary structure

Question 4

Most plasma proteins are synthesized

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

Simple protein describes as having long filament, subunit, asymmetrical, inert, and water-insoluble

Answer 5

Fibrous Proteins

Question 6

Examples of Globular proteins

Answer 6

• Albumin
• Hemoglobin
• Immunoglobulins
• IgA
• IgG
• IgM

Question 7

Protein classified as ________ for having peptide chains composed of only amino acids

Protein classified as ________ for having protein and nonprotein components

Answer 7

Simple proteins

Conjugated or Complex Proteins/ Prosthetic group

Question 8

Protein classified as _________ for having >40% carbohydrate attached (Ex. Mucin)

Answer 8

Mucoprotein or Proteiglycan

Question 9

A negative acute-phase reactant protein responsible for nearly 80% osmotic pressure and the most abundant plasma proten

Answer 9

Albumin

Question 10

Prealbumin transports what thyroid hormones

Answer 10

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 11

1. Low levels of maternal AFP indicate an increased risk of the ff:
2. Maternal serum with elevated AFP concentration is associated w/:

Answer 11

1. 1 Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
   1.2 Trisomy 18 (Edwards’s syndrome)

2.1 Spina bifida
2.2 Neural tube defects
2.3 Presence of multiple gestation

Question 12

A positive acute-phase reactant associated with measurement of copper and decreased concentration indicates presence of Wilson’s diseas

Answer 12

Ceruloplasmin

Question 13

An alpha 2 globulin responsible for binding hemoglobin and is primarily used for evaluation of hemolytic anemia

Answer 13

Haptoglobin

Question 14

Inhibit neutrophil elastase and macrophages during an infection

Answer 14

a1-Antitrypsin

Question 15

Bind and transport iron to and from storage sites and is associated with nephrotic syndrome (low concentrations)

Answer 15

Tranferrin

Question 16

Bind and with free heme

Answer 16

Hemopexin

Question 17

Decreased levels of C3 are typically associated w/:

Answer 17

Autoimmune disease, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bacteremia, tissue injury, and chronic hepatitis

Question 18

Increase transferrin is generally associated with:

Answer 18

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 19

Why is Albumin relatively increase in cases of dehydration?

Answer 19

Blood is composed of water, if dehydrated, it is expected that the blood volume will drop. It looks like that the Albumin increases because the blood plasma volume is reduced.

Question 20

First acute-phase reactants to rise in response to inflammatory disease and represents the chronic inflammatory process and leads to Atherosclerosis when increase

Answer 20

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 21

Immunoglobulin or antibodies containing a small percentage of carbohydrate (14-18%) known to confer humoral immunity. Which classification does it belongs to?

Answer 21

Glycoprotein

Question 22

Troponin is a protein used for gold standard diagnosis of:

Answer 22

Acute coronary syndrome

Question 23

Elevated concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and NT-proBNP are associated with cardiac diseases such as:

Answer 23

• Congestive heart failure
• Acute coronary syndrome

Question 24

Hypoproteinemia

Answer 24

Refers to conditions in which the serum or plasma total protein concentration is below reference range

Question 25

Reference range for Serum/Plasma Protein Analyses

Answer 25

TP - 6.5-8.3 g/dL (65-83 g/L)
ALB - 3.5-5.5 g/dL (35-55 g/L)
A/G Ratio - 1.1-1.8

Question 26

An abnormality that is the result of excessive production of proteins associated with monoclonal proteins, chronic inflammatory states, and paraproteins

Answer 26

Hyperproteinemia

Question 27

Principle of Biuret Method

Answer 27

Alkaline medium and the presence of at least two peptide bonds, cupric ions (Cu2+) will complex with groups involved in the peptide bond to form a violet-colored chelate

Question 28

Principle of Turbidimetry and Nephelometry

Answer 28

Formation of aggregates by protein precipitation or antibody-binding that affect light scatter

Question 29

Principle of Protein electrophoresis

Answer 29

Migration of proteins based on their density and charge under the influence of an electric field

Question 30

How to calculate globulin fraction?

Answer 30

(Albumin)/ (Total protein-Albumin)

Question 31

Reference range for serum protein electrophoresis of Albumin

Answer 31

3.5-5.5 g/dL

Question 32

Immunochemical assays are

Answer 32

reaction of the antigen and its complementary antibody is measured

Question 33

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs

Answer 33

Hemoglobin

Question 34

Reversibly bind oxygen and requires a very low oxygen tension to release the bound oxygen

Answer 34

Myoglobin

Question 35

Heme is _______, it is a ________ group found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, chlorophyll, cytocyclic, and other enzymes

Answer 35

not a protein, prosthetic