Lipids and Lipoproteins Flashcards
Simple linear chains of C-H bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group (-COOH)
Fatty acids
Contain three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds
Triglycerides
Similar to the structure of triglycerides expect that they only have two esterified fatty acids
Phospholipids
An unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings (A,B,C, and D), and it has a single C-H side chain tail similar to a fatty acid
Cholesterol
It delivers fuel to peripheral cells
Lipoprotein
Major protein of HDL
Apolipoprotein (Apo) A1
Largest and the least dense of the lipoprotein particles
Chylomicrons
Main apolipoprotein
Apo B100
Major carriers of endogenous (hepatic-derived) triglycerides and shuttle triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissue
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein
Form consequence of the lipolysis of VLDL and considered as the bad cholesterol, associated with Apo B-100
Low-Density Lipoproteins
Smallest and most dense lipoprotein particle and removes excess cholesterol, associated with Apolipoprotein A-1
High-Density Lipoproteins
Apolipoprotein ______ is associated with chylomicron
B-48
Remnants of VLDL, transitional form
Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL)
Reference Ranges for Lipids
TC 140-200 mg/dL (3.6-5.2 mmol/L)
HDL-C 40-75 mg/dL (1.0-2.0 mmol/L)
LDL-C 50-130 mg/dL (1.3-3.4 mmol/L)
TRIG 60-150 mg/dL (0.7-1.7 mmol/L)
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening of blood vessels due to buildup of cholesterol plaques
Atherosclerosis
A type of arteriosclerosis, large arteries are hardened and narrowed
Composed primarily of cholesterol esters, phospholipids and associated with Apo a
Lipoprotein a
An abnormal lipoprotein and indicative od biliary cirrhosis or chlestasis and genetic lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency
Lipoprotein X
Method used for cholesterol measurement
Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GS-MS) method
Disease states associated with abnormal serum lipids are generally caused by malfunctions in the synthesis, transport, or catabolism of lipoproteins
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Lipid disorder having a clear average serum overnight seen in increased Apo B-100 and elevated LDL, ++ total cholesterol and normal total triglycerides
Type IIa
Lipid disorder having a creamy top, turbid bottom seen in increased Apo B-100, Apo B-48 with elevated chylomicron, and VLDL, + total cholesterol and ++ total triglycerides
Type V
Lipid disorder having a turbid specimen seen in increased Apo E-II, and decreased Apo E-III, and E-IV with elevated IDL, and + total cholesterol, + total triglyceride
Type III
Lipid disorder having a turbid specimen seen in recessive ingeritance, eruptive xanthomata, lipaemia retinalis and acute pancreatitis associated with increased Apo B-100 and elevated VLDL, normal or increased total cholesterol, and ++ total triglyceride
Type IV
Lipid disorder having a creamy top layer associated with increased Apo B-48, and A-IV and elevated chylomicrons, ++ in total triglycerides and normal total cholesterol
Type 1
Lipid disorder having a clear specimen associated with increased Apo B-100 and elevated concentrations of LDL and VLDL, ++ in total cholesterol and + for total triglycerides
Type IIb
Major protein found in HDL
Apo A-1
Major protein found in LDL
Apo B-100
Reference value for Apolipoproteins
Apo A 120-160 mg/dL
Apo B >120 mg/dL
Lp (a) >30 mg/dL
What includes in the standardization of lipid and lipoprotein assays
- Precison
- Accuracy
- Matrix interactions
- CDC Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network
- Analytic Performance Goals
- Quality control
- Specimen collection
