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Clinical Chemistry > Lipids and Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Lipids and Lipoproteins Flashcards

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1
Q

Simple linear chains of C-H bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group (-COOH)

A

Fatty acids

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2
Q

Contain three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds

A

Triglycerides

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3
Q

Similar to the structure of triglycerides expect that they only have two esterified fatty acids

A

Phospholipids

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4
Q

An unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings (A,B,C, and D), and it has a single C-H side chain tail similar to a fatty acid

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

It delivers fuel to peripheral cells

A

Lipoprotein

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6
Q

Major protein of HDL

A

Apolipoprotein (Apo) A1

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7
Q

Largest and the least dense of the lipoprotein particles

A

Chylomicrons

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8
Q

Main apolipoprotein

A

Apo B100

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9
Q

Major carriers of endogenous (hepatic-derived) triglycerides and shuttle triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissue

A

Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein

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10
Q

Form consequence of the lipolysis of VLDL and considered as the bad cholesterol, associated with Apo B-100

A

Low-Density Lipoproteins

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11
Q

Smallest and most dense lipoprotein particle and removes excess cholesterol, associated with Apolipoprotein A-1

A

High-Density Lipoproteins

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12
Q

Apolipoprotein ______ is associated with chylomicron

A

B-48

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13
Q

Remnants of VLDL, transitional form

A

Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL)

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14
Q

Reference Ranges for Lipids

A

TC 140-200 mg/dL (3.6-5.2 mmol/L)
HDL-C 40-75 mg/dL (1.0-2.0 mmol/L)
LDL-C 50-130 mg/dL (1.3-3.4 mmol/L)
TRIG 60-150 mg/dL (0.7-1.7 mmol/L)

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15
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening of blood vessels due to buildup of cholesterol plaques

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16
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A type of arteriosclerosis, large arteries are hardened and narrowed

17
Q

Composed primarily of cholesterol esters, phospholipids and associated with Apo a

A

Lipoprotein a

18
Q

An abnormal lipoprotein and indicative od biliary cirrhosis or chlestasis and genetic lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency

A

Lipoprotein X

19
Q

Method used for cholesterol measurement

A

Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GS-MS) method

20
Q

Disease states associated with abnormal serum lipids are generally caused by malfunctions in the synthesis, transport, or catabolism of lipoproteins

A

Hyperlipoproteinemias

21
Q

Lipid disorder having a clear average serum overnight seen in increased Apo B-100 and elevated LDL, ++ total cholesterol and normal total triglycerides

A

Type IIa

22
Q

Lipid disorder having a creamy top, turbid bottom seen in increased Apo B-100, Apo B-48 with elevated chylomicron, and VLDL, + total cholesterol and ++ total triglycerides

A

Type V

23
Q

Lipid disorder having a turbid specimen seen in increased Apo E-II, and decreased Apo E-III, and E-IV with elevated IDL, and + total cholesterol, + total triglyceride

A

Type III

24
Q

Lipid disorder having a turbid specimen seen in recessive ingeritance, eruptive xanthomata, lipaemia retinalis and acute pancreatitis associated with increased Apo B-100 and elevated VLDL, normal or increased total cholesterol, and ++ total triglyceride

A

Type IV

25
Q

Lipid disorder having a creamy top layer associated with increased Apo B-48, and A-IV and elevated chylomicrons, ++ in total triglycerides and normal total cholesterol

A

Type 1

26
Q

Lipid disorder having a clear specimen associated with increased Apo B-100 and elevated concentrations of LDL and VLDL, ++ in total cholesterol and + for total triglycerides

A

Type IIb

27
Q

Major protein found in HDL

A

Apo A-1

28
Q

Major protein found in LDL

A

Apo B-100

29
Q

Reference value for Apolipoproteins

A

Apo A 120-160 mg/dL
Apo B >120 mg/dL
Lp (a) >30 mg/dL

30
Q

What includes in the standardization of lipid and lipoprotein assays

A
  • Precison
  • Accuracy
  • Matrix interactions
  • CDC Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network
  • Analytic Performance Goals
  • Quality control
  • Specimen collection

Clinical Chemistry (5 decks)

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