Proteins And Enzymes Flashcards
What are proteins
Proteins are amino acids that form a polypeptide chain that has to be clamped together by ribosomes to create a 3D shape
What is an example of a protein
Haemoglobin
Muscle tissue
Enzymes
Antibodies
How can an enzyme create a 3D shape
The enzyme can fit specific substrates into the active sites to crest a 3D shape which can be built up or broke down
What is an enzyme
A protein with an active site
Name three uses of enzymes in living things
Alcohol (fermented yeast)
Bread (yeast)
Cheese (whey)
Name three uses if enzymes in everyday things
Washing powder (breaks down stains) Chocolate (keeps it soft) Baby food (helps with breaking down proteins)
How is the enzyme amylase used in digestion
Amylase breaks starch down into glucose
How is the enzyme protease used in digestion
Protease breaks protein down into amino acids
How is the enzyme lipase used in digestion
Lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
What is the role of hydrochloric acid
To sterilise food and kill bacteria. It also helps digest protein.
Where are bike salts produced and released
The are produced in the liver and released by the gall bladder into the small intestines
What do bile sales help with
Bile salts help with the emulsification of fats which then increases the surface area of the fats for lipase to work on
How are fermenters used to grow enzymes ?
Fermenters are used for growing large numbers of bacteria. The bacteria inside make enzymes and pass them out if their cells. The enzymes can be collected from the liquid inside the fermenters
What do bacteria need to grow
Temperature Light Oxygen level Moisture Growth median (food)
How are enzymes used in biological washing powder
The enzymes can break down stains such as food stains. An advantage is they work well with lower temperatures which is better for the environment
