Proteins And Enzymes

Question 1

How many protein molecules are there in a cell

Answer 1

Yeast- the only species with enough complete data
There are 6000 genes in yeast and 42 million protein molecules in the cell

Question 2

Describe the structure and function of proteins

Answer 2

Amino acids are the building blocks.
Charged amino group on one side and a charged carboxyl group on the other .
There’s also a variable group or side chain

Question 3

Describe amino acid bonds

Answer 3

Amino acids are joined covalently by peptide bonds

Question 4

Describe the structure of proteins

Answer 4

1.it is complex and 3 dimensional
2.structure is broken down into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

Question 5

Describe secondary structure of proteins

Answer 5

Peptides fold in complex ways. The force responsible is the hydrogen bond, created by a hydrogen atom with partial positive charge and an atom with a partial negative charge

Question 6

Describe tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 6

1.an entire peptide chain is referred to as tertiary structure
2.also stabilised by hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Describe electrostatic bonds

Answer 7

Electrostatic bonds are between positive and negatively charged groups

Question 8

Describe van Der waals interaction

Answer 8

A van der waals interaction is a non covalent attraction due to movements of ions in atomic or molecular orbitals

Question 9

Describe disulfide bonds

Answer 9

1.disulphide bonds form between the sulfhydrl group of the amino acid cysteine

Question 10

Describe the quarternary structure of protein

Answer 10

Many proteins contain subunits that link together which is referred to as the quartenary structure

Question 11

Describe enzymes

Answer 11

1.accelerate metabolic reactions
2.there is almost no biological substance that is not a substrate of an enzyme
3.essential catalysts in biology

Question 12

Enzymes share what 3 main features

Answer 12

1.they speed up reactions
2.they display high specification
3.their catalytic power is regulated

Question 13

Describe the active site of an enzyme

Answer 13

Enzymes are specific to one or a limited number of reactions. Attraction is at a small area of the surface of the enzyme called the active site (lock and key mechanism)

Question 14

Describe cofactors and coenzymes

Answer 14

1.to catalyse reactions, many enzymes need the presence of cofactors in their active site
2.tend to be metal ions and organic compounds

Question 15

What affects enzyme reactions

Answer 15

1.The amount of substrate available
2.concentration of enzyme
3.temperature and ph