Introduction To Marcomolecules And Nutrients

Question 1

Name 3 properties of carbohydrates

Answer 1

1. Offer cells external protection (cellulose)
   2.assist cells in reckognising molecules when attached to proteins and lipids
   3.in the form of ribose/deoxyribose, they are part of every building block of dna and nucleic acids

Question 2

What are monosaccharides

Answer 2

The simplest carbohydrates

Question 3

What are oligosaccharides

Answer 3

When 2-10 monosaccharides link covalently

Question 4

What does glucose and fructose form to make

Answer 4

Surcrose

Question 5

What does galactose and glucose form to make

Answer 5

Lactose

Question 6

When are polysaccharides formed

Answer 6

When there are greater than 10 monosaccharides

Question 7

Name a polymer of glucose

Answer 7

Cellulose

Question 8

Name 2 properties of polysaccharides

Answer 8

1.Found in plants and is the main constituent in providing support
2. A major constituent in dietary fribe

Question 9

Name 3 properties of startch

Answer 9

1.major form of carbohydrate
2.found in the seeds of plants
3.mixture of amylose and amylopectin

Question 10

Name 3 properties of lipids

Answer 10

1.Exists as large tissue
2.vital constituent of membranes, hormones and vitamins
3.common feature is low solubility in water

Question 11

Describe the properties of fatty acids

Answer 11

1.consist of a long carbon chain with hydrogen atoms all around a carboxyl group at the end

Question 12

What is a saturated fat

Answer 12

When all carbons are linked by a single bond

Question 13

What is an unsaturated fat

Answer 13

When there is a presence of double bonds

Question 14

Describe triglycerides

Answer 14

1.the most abundant dietary fat (95%)
2.serve as energy depots
3.consist of a glycerol unit and three fatty acids connected via ester links

Question 15

Describe the properties of vitamins and minerals

Answer 15

1.complement carbs, fats and protein
2.no energy value
3.vital regulators of bodily functions
4.involved in energy provision during exercise

Question 16

Describe sodium (mineral)

Answer 16

1.main cation in extra cellular fluids
2.essential for electrical transmission in nerves and muscle
3.maintains water content in various compartment of the body

Question 17

Describe potassium

Answer 17

Interacts with sodium to maintain fluid balance and electrical impulses

Question 18

Describe calcium

Answer 18

Critical component of bones and blood clotting

Question 19

Describe magnesium

Answer 19

Cofactor for hundreds of enzymes

Question 20

Describe iron

Answer 20

Embedded in proteins handling oxygen and the electron transport chain

Question 21

Describe chloride

Answer 21

Main anion in extra cellular fluids, where it interacts with sodium in the maintenance of fluid balance and electrical charges across cell membranes

Question 22

Describe phosphorus

Answer 22

Covalently attached to a vast array of biological compounds such as nucleic acids