Introduction To Marcomolecules And Nutrients Flashcards
Name 3 properties of carbohydrates
- Offer cells external protection (cellulose)
2.assist cells in reckognising molecules when attached to proteins and lipids
3.in the form of ribose/deoxyribose, they are part of every building block of dna and nucleic acids
What are monosaccharides
The simplest carbohydrates
What are oligosaccharides
When 2-10 monosaccharides link covalently
What does glucose and fructose form to make
Surcrose
What does galactose and glucose form to make
Lactose
When are polysaccharides formed
When there are greater than 10 monosaccharides
Name a polymer of glucose
Cellulose
Name 2 properties of polysaccharides
1.Found in plants and is the main constituent in providing support
2. A major constituent in dietary fribe
Name 3 properties of startch
1.major form of carbohydrate
2.found in the seeds of plants
3.mixture of amylose and amylopectin
Name 3 properties of lipids
1.Exists as large tissue
2.vital constituent of membranes, hormones and vitamins
3.common feature is low solubility in water
Describe the properties of fatty acids
1.consist of a long carbon chain with hydrogen atoms all around a carboxyl group at the end
What is a saturated fat
When all carbons are linked by a single bond
What is an unsaturated fat
When there is a presence of double bonds
Describe triglycerides
1.the most abundant dietary fat (95%)
2.serve as energy depots
3.consist of a glycerol unit and three fatty acids connected via ester links
Describe the properties of vitamins and minerals
1.complement carbs, fats and protein
2.no energy value
3.vital regulators of bodily functions
4.involved in energy provision during exercise
Describe sodium (mineral)
1.main cation in extra cellular fluids
2.essential for electrical transmission in nerves and muscle
3.maintains water content in various compartment of the body
Describe potassium
Interacts with sodium to maintain fluid balance and electrical impulses
Describe calcium
Critical component of bones and blood clotting
Describe magnesium
Cofactor for hundreds of enzymes
Describe iron
Embedded in proteins handling oxygen and the electron transport chain
Describe chloride
Main anion in extra cellular fluids, where it interacts with sodium in the maintenance of fluid balance and electrical charges across cell membranes
Describe phosphorus
Covalently attached to a vast array of biological compounds such as nucleic acids
