Proteins and biochemistry Flashcards
Define exercise physiology
The branch of biological science that is concerned with the way the body responds to exercise and training
Biochemistry
The study of events such as reactions, energy transfer, signalling and transport processes at the sub cells and molecular levels
Protein levels of structure
Primary
Sedentary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Define enzyme
A macromolecule that catalyses a biochemical reaction
What is myoglobin?
A conjugated protein which transport oxeye from circulatory to muscles
Enzyme structure
An active site which contains one or more binding sites that orient the substrate in the correct configuration
A catalytic site which is part of the molecule that lowers the activation energy
Describe the concept of lock and key
The enzyme and substrate have 3 dimensional shapes that fit each other. Model proposes enzyme molecules can change their shape, depending on the interaction with the substrate
Substrate specific
With enzymes, what does a low Km value indicate?
Indicates that an enzyme has a high affinity or substrate molecule (enzymes can go high velocity even when there’s not much substrate around)
What are co enzymes
other chemical molecules needed E.g NAD
What is a cofactor
Some enzymes require an additional chemical called a cofactor for catalysis to occur
E.g a metal ion
Tightly bound co factors are called Prosthetic groups- non protein component
Membranes
all cells are surrounded by a membrane which acts as a selective barrier, letting some substances into the cell and preventing others
The membrane also actively transports substances between the inside and outside of the cell using allurer energy
Structure of a membrane
lipid bilayer
cholesterol
poteins
How much glucose an hour can the body absorb
60g
glucose travels along intestine into blood driven by sodium from high concentration to low
