Nutrition- carbs and fat

Question 1

Structure of glycogen

Answer 1

Polymer of glucose molecules
Branced structure (carbs tend to be a single strand)
glucose residues put on or taken off from the many non reducing ends

Question 2

Glycogen as fuel pros

Answer 2

Can be used by muscle at higher rate than fatty acids
can support energy generation in type 11 fibres
Provides more ATP per 02 than fatty acids (more efficient)

Question 3

Glycogen as a fuel cons

Answer 3

Stored limited in size
Less energy dense than fat
Water

Question 4

Control of glycogen metabolism

Answer 4

When we exercise hard, excretion of adrenaline before and during exercise. Harder intensity, more adrenaline
Adrenaline has a role connected to managing carbohydrate metabolism in the cell
2 enzymes- phosphorylase and glycogensynthase
When adrenaline interacts with cells, it sets off reactions involving these 2 enzymes
Stressful conditions- don’t want to be synthesising glycogen

Question 5

Glycogensynthase

Answer 5

Enzyme- synthesising glycogen

Question 6

Phosphorylase

Answer 6

enzyme- takes carbohydrate off glycogen to use for metabolism

Question 7

AMP

Answer 7

2 ADP molecules can be recycled into 1 ATP and 1AMP.

AMP when lots of stressful activity happening

Question 8

Control of adipose tissue TAG

Answer 8

Enzyme- hormone sensitive lipase can be switched on or off
Adrenaline connected to exercise intensity
Different hormone environments influences activity
Insulin increases in concentration when rest
Hard exercise- lactate. Turns back fatty acids into triglycerides

Question 9

The crossover concept

Answer 9

Males use less fats than females
Males shift to increased carb use earlier than females
Women more economical- have to work harder before using carbohydrates