Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

Protein in US

Answer 1

17% calories from protein; Recommended at 10-15%; Converted to glucose or fat
RDA: Adults (0.8g/kg), Infants (1.6g-2.2g/kg)

Question 2

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 2

Can’t be synthesized, Must be obtained from diet

Question 3

Non-essential Amino Acids

Answer 3

Readily produced from diet components

Question 4

Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

Answer 4

Non-essential but supplied in need

Question 5

Tryptophan

Answer 5

Niacin (B-vitamin) and Serotonin (Neurotransmitter)

Question 6

Role of Proteins

Answer 6

Growth and maintenance, Participation in chem rxns, Regulation of fluid and electrolyte, Maintenance of acid-base, Transport of nutrients, Maintenance of immunity, Regulation, Energy

Question 7

Reference Protein

Answer 7

Standard against which other proteins compared

Question 8

Biological Value (BV)

Answer 8

Percentage of absorbed nitrogen retained, BV of 70 or more supports growth

Question 9

Net Protein Utilization (NPU)

Answer 9

Retention of food nitrogen

Question 10

Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)

Answer 10

Weight gain of growing animal compared to animal’s protein intake

Question 11

Protein-Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

Answer 11

Compared amino acid content of protein with human amino acid requirements and corrected for digestibility

Question 12

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Answer 12

Most widespread, over 500million children

Question 13

Marasmus VS Kwashiorkor

Answer 13

Marasmus = slow PEM, weight loss
Kwashiorkor = rapid PEM, edema, enlarged fatty liver