Carbohydrates

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

Primary source of energy of cells, Brain and nervous system use about 150g/day

Question 2

Fructose

Answer 2

Fruit sugar/levulose, Isomer of glucose

Question 3

Galactose

Answer 3

Part of lactose, Converted to glucose by liver

Question 4

Maltose

Answer 4

2 Glucose, Intermediary product during digestion of starch and germination of seeds

Question 5

Lactose

Answer 5

Glucose and Galactose, 30-50% milk energy

Question 6

Sucrose

Answer 6

Glucose and Fructose, Saccharose (name)

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

Poly, Form of stored glucose, Highly branched for hydrolysis

Question 8

Starch

Answer 8

Poly, Form of stored glucose in plants, richest in grains

Question 9

Fiber

Answer 9

Poly, Non-digestible, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectins, Gums and Mucilages, Prevents appendicitis, hemorrhoids and diverticulitis, Weight and diabetes control, Lower cholesterol

Question 10

Glucose Homeostasis

Answer 10

Blood glucose rise = Pancreas release insulin = Glycogen and fat = Decline
Glucagon release = Liver breaks down Glycogen

Question 11

Diabetes

Answer 11

Inadequate insulin, Polyurea, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Type I = IDDM, Type 2 = NIDDM

Question 12

Glycemic Effect

Answer 12

Extent to which food raises blood glucose and elicits insulin

Question 13

Lactose Intolerance

Answer 13

Deficiency of lactase (Bloating, Diarrhea, Abdominal discomfort, Nausea)

Question 14

Dental Caries

Answer 14

Erosion in tooth surface by acid or bacteria

Question 15

Carbohydrate Intake

Answer 15

Sugar (less than 10%), Starch and fiber (55%-60% and 20-35g)