Proteins & Amino Acids

Question 1

What charge does an amino acid have at pH7?

Answer 1

Positive and negative charge

Question 2

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 2

Ribosomes

Question 3

When two amino acids joint together by a condensation reaction, what bones are formed?

Answer 3

Peptide bonds

Question 4

What are the four structures of proteins?

Answer 4

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Question 5

What is a primary structure?

Answer 5

Number & order of proteins
Determined by base sequence on one strand of dna molecule
Covalent/ peptide bonds

Question 6

What is a secondary structure?

Answer 6

Chain of amino acids is twisted into 3D shape
Weak hydrogen bonds
2 types: alpha-helix, beta-pleated

Question 7

What is a tertiary structure?

Answer 7

Chain of amino acids is folded & twisted into specific 3D shape
Bonds between R groups: disulphides bridges, hydrogen, ionic, hydrophilic/phobic

Question 8

What is a quaternary structure?

Answer 8

More than 1 chain
Eg insulin = 2. Polypeptide chains
Hydrogen bonds, ionic, disulphide bridges, hydrophobic

Question 9

What are the two types of R groups?

Answer 9

Polar
-attract other polar molecules, hydrophilic
Non-polar
-hydrophobic, inside of proteins