Organelles

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Structure: size=1.6fm, protons+neutrons bound together to form a nucleus
Function: stores cells’ hereditary material(DNA), coordinates cells’ activities (growth, protein synthesis etc)

Question 2

Nucleus-chromatin

Answer 2

Packages very long DNA molecules- more compact, denser shape

Question 3

Nucleus- nuclear envelope

Answer 3

(Membrane) surrounds nucleus, keeps DNA inside nucleus

Question 4

Nucleus- nucleolus

Answer 4

Rewrite ribosomal RNA and combines it with proteins

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Structure: size=0.5-1um, 2 membranes have their own DNA+ribosomes
Function: “powerhouse”, takes in nutrients & breaks them down + creates energy rich molecule for cell

Question 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Structure: size=50nm(mammals)+30nm(yeast), enclosed membrane, 2 dimensional flattened sacs extend across cytoplasm
Function: transportation of proteins+other carbs to another organelle(lysosomes+golgi),provide increased surface area

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Structure: size=20nm(prokaryotic)+25-30nm(eukaryotic), small ribosomal subunits+large subunits
Function: makes proteins from amino acids-protein synthesis

Question 8

Golgi body

Answer 8

Structure:(apparatus) size=2mm-5mm, membrane bound, found in eukaryotic cells, located in cytoplasm
Function: processes+bundle macromolecules like proteins + lipids as they’re synthesised within cell

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Structure: size=0.1um-1.2um, spheres made up of lipid bilateral that encloses fluid that contains variety of hydrolytic enzymes (digestives)
Function: digestion+waste removal, digest excess/worn out organelles food particles & engulfed viruses/ bacteria

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Structure: size=7.5-10nm, phospholipid belayer with embedded proteins
Function: protects cell from its surroundings, regulates movement of substances in+out of cells, maintains cell potential