Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins?
- Large molecules
- Made up of chains of amino acids
- Are found in every cell in the body
- The sequence of amino acids determined by DNA
Functions of proteins?
- Structural and mechanical
- Enyzmes and hormoens
- Fluid balance
- Acid-base balance
- Transport
How many types of amino acids are there?
20
9 Essential
11 Nonessential
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain what groups?
Amine and carboxyl
What are peptides?
proteins consisting of amino acid residues joined by
peptide bonds
Peptide bond
Form when the acid group (COOH) of one amino acid joins with the amine group (NH2) of a second amino acid
- Formed through condensation
- Broken through hydrolysis
What is hydrolysis?
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water
Two amino acids linked together by a peptide bond form?
Dipeptide
Three amino acids linked together by a peptide bond form?
Tripeptide
Many amino acids linked together by a peptide bond form?
Polypeptide
Levels of protein structure
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
Protein denaturation happens when?
There is a disruption of any of the bonds that stabilize the secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure
Where are amino acids synthesized into new proteins?
In the liver
What happens when the amino acid pool reaches capacity?
Amino acids are broken down for other uses, but first deamination must occur
What is deamination?
The removal or breakdown of an amino group
