Carbohydrates

Question 1

Most abundant storage carb?

Answer 1

Glycogen

Question 2

Functions of carbs?

Answer 2

Energy source, storage,

regulate blood glucose

Question 3

Formula for carbs

Answer 3

C H2 O

Question 4

Basic form of carbs?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

Examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 5

Glucose (blood sugar) , fructose (fruit sugar) and galactose

Question 6

Monosaccharides are classified by?

Answer 6

Aldehyde or ketone group and

carbon chain length

Question 7

Aldoses are?

Answer 7

Monosaccharides
with an aldehyde group. With many hydroxyl (─OH) groups

(O=C-H)

Question 8

Ketoses are?

Answer 8

monosaccharides
with a ketone group.
With many hydroxyl (─OH) groups

(C=O)

Question 9

Carbon chain length names

Answer 9

Trioses-3
Tetroses-4
Pentoses-5
Hexoses-6
Heptoses-7

Question 10

D-Glucose is?

Answer 10

Found in fruits
Formula = C6 H12 O6
Known as blood sugar

Question 11

What is glucose stores in the body as?

Answer 11

Glycogen

Question 12

How do simple sugars bond?

Answer 12

Glycosidic bond

Question 13

The combination of two sugars is?

Answer 13

A disaccharide

eg, sucrose, maltose and lactose

Question 14

Carbohydrates consisting of two to ten simple sugars?

Answer 14

Oligosaccharides

Question 15

Carbohydrates consisting of more then ten sugars (chains of disaccharides) are?

Answer 15

polysaccharides

eg. Starch and cellulose

Question 16

Plants store glucose as?

Answer 16

Amylose or amylopectin, glucose polymers collectively called starch.

Question 17

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Found in cell walls of plants

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

Found in the outer covering of insects and crabs. Found in the cell walls of many fungi.

Answer 18

Chitin

Question 19

What is the glycemic index?

Answer 19

A scale that ranks carbohydrates by how much they raise blood glucose levels compared to a reference food.

Question 20

Low (GI)

Answer 20

0-55

Question 21

Moderate (GI)

Answer 21

56-69

Question 22

High (GI)

Answer 22

70 or more

Question 23

How much ATP does one molecule of glucose produce?

Answer 23

36

Question 24

Glucose breakdown summary

Answer 24

Glucose is broke down in the cytosol into smaller molecules used by the mitochondria

Question 25

Gluconeogensis is?

Answer 25

Is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, Lactic acid, Glycerol and Amino acids

Question 26

Glycogenesis is?

Answer 26

Is the formation of glycogen from glucose

Occurs slowly

Question 27

Glycogenolysis is?

Answer 27

Is the breakdown of glycogen

Occurs quickly