Carbohydrates Flashcards
Most abundant storage carb?
Glycogen
Functions of carbs?
Energy source, storage,
regulate blood glucose
Formula for carbs
C H2 O
Basic form of carbs?
Monosaccharides
Examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose (blood sugar) , fructose (fruit sugar) and galactose
Monosaccharides are classified by?
Aldehyde or ketone group and
carbon chain length
Aldoses are?
Monosaccharides
with an aldehyde group. With many hydroxyl (─OH) groups
(O=C-H)
Ketoses are?
monosaccharides
with a ketone group.
With many hydroxyl (─OH) groups
(C=O)
Carbon chain length names
Trioses-3 Tetroses-4 Pentoses-5 Hexoses-6 Heptoses-7
D-Glucose is?
Found in fruits
Formula = C6 H12 O6
Known as blood sugar
What is glucose stores in the body as?
Glycogen
How do simple sugars bond?
Glycosidic bond
The combination of two sugars is?
A disaccharide
eg, sucrose, maltose and lactose
Carbohydrates consisting of two to ten simple sugars?
Oligosaccharides
Carbohydrates consisting of more then ten sugars (chains of disaccharides) are?
polysaccharides
eg. Starch and cellulose
Plants store glucose as?
Amylose or amylopectin, glucose polymers collectively called starch.
What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Found in cell walls of plants
Cellulose
Found in the outer covering of insects and crabs. Found in the cell walls of many fungi.
Chitin
What is the glycemic index?
A scale that ranks carbohydrates by how much they raise blood glucose levels compared to a reference food.
Low (GI)
0-55
Moderate (GI)
56-69
High (GI)
70 or more
How much ATP does one molecule of glucose produce?
36
Glucose breakdown summary
Glucose is broke down in the cytosol into smaller molecules used by the mitochondria
Gluconeogensis is?
Is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, Lactic acid, Glycerol and Amino acids
Glycogenesis is?
Is the formation of glycogen from glucose
Occurs slowly
Glycogenolysis is?
Is the breakdown of glycogen
Occurs quickly
