Lipids Flashcards
What is the most abundant storage lipid?
Triglycerides
Functions of fat?
Source of energy (9kcal)
Preferred storage form of energy
From body structures (cell membranes)
Classification of lipids?
Lipids >
Simple lipids + complex lipids + precursor and derived lipids
Fatty acid function
Building blocks for triglycerides and phospholipids
Saturated fatty acid characteristics?
All the carbons on the fatty acid are bound to hydrogen
Usually more solid at room temperature
Higher melting point
More stable
Unsaturated fatty acid characteristics?
Some carbons form a double bond with each other instead of binding to hydrogen,
Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)
Has one carbon to carbon (C=C) double bond
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Has two or more carbon to carbon (C=C)double bonds
More liquid at room temperature,
Lower melting point,
Less stable
Forms of unsaturated fatty acids
Cis form,
-Hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond
Trans form,
-Hydrogens are on opposite sides of the double bond
Benefits and risks of hydrogenation
Benefits of hydrogenation
- Makes food fats more stable, increasing shelf life
- Changes the texture of the fat
Risks of hydrogenation
- Increases amount of trans fatty acids in foods with partially hydrogenated oils
- Increases liver production of LDLs
- Decreases liver production of HDLs
Structure and function of triglycerides
Structure:
-glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Functions:
- Energy source (9kcal)
- Energy stored in adipose tissue
- carries fat soluble vitamins
Phospholipid function and structure
Structure:
-Glycerol + 2 fatty acids
Function:
- Main lipid in cell wall
- lipid transport of lipoproteins
- Cell signalling
Functions of Precursor and derived lipids (sterols)
Do not provide energy or contain fatty acids.
Functions:
- Bile acids
- Sex hormones
- Adrenal hormones
- Vitamin D
Beta Oxidation is?
A cyclic series of steps that breaks off successive pairs of carbon atoms from free fatty acids (FFA), which are then used to form acetyl CoA
