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Biochemistry > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Linear polymers of amino acid

A

Proteins

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2
Q

The set of all the proteins

A

Proteome

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3
Q

Identify the entire complement of proteins

A

Proteomics

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4
Q

Each amino acid has

A

Carboxyl group
Amino group
R-group

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5
Q

R-group dictates

A

The function of the amino acid in a protein

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6
Q

Amino acid: Has the smallest side chain

A

Glycine

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7
Q

Used in the first step of heme synthesis

A

Glycine

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8
Q

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

A

Glycine

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9
Q

Carrier of ammonia and of the carbons of pyruvate from skeletal muscle to liver

A

Alanine

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10
Q

Branched-chain amino acids

A

Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

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11
Q

Precursor of tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine

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12
Q

Amino acid: Has the largest side chain

A

Tryptophan

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13
Q

Precursor of homocysteine

A

Methionine

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14
Q

Not an amino, but an imino acid

A

Proline

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15
Q

Amino acids: Contain a polar hydroxyl group

A

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine

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16
Q

Precursor for thyroxine and melanin

A

Tyrosine

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17
Q

Amino acids: Have a carbonyl group and an amide group

A

Asparagine

Glutamine

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18
Q

Amino acid: Site for N-linked glycosylation of proteins

A

Asparagine

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19
Q

Major carrier of nitrogen to the liver from peripheral tissues

A

Glutamine

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20
Q

Amino acid: Contains a sulfhydryl group

A

Cysteine

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21
Q

Amino acid that participate in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A

A

Cysteine

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22
Q

Two cysteines can be connected by a covalent disulfide bond to form

A

Cysteine

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23
Q

Serve as proton donors

A

Aspartate

Glutamate

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24
Q

Precursor for GABA and glutathione

A

Glutamate

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25
Q

Proton acceptors

A

Histidine, Arginine, Lysine

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26
Q

Precursor of histamine

A

Histidine

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27
Q

Also used in the diagnosis of folic acid deficency

A

Histidine

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28
Q

Precursor of creatinine, urea, and nitric oxide

A

Arginine

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29
Q

21st amino acid

A

Selenocysteine

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30
Q

Amino acid: Considered nutritionally semiessential

A

Arginine

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31
Q

Amino acids: Synthesized in the body, but only from essential amino acid precursors

A

Cystine

Tyrosine

32
Q

Determined by a proteins amino acid sequence

A

Primary Structure

33
Q

Fatal neurodegenerative disease resulting from deposition of insoluble protein aggregates in neural cells

A

Prion disease

34
Q

Prion disease in human

A

Creutzfeld Jakob disease

35
Q

Prion disease in sheep

36
Q

Prion disease in cattle

A

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

37
Q

Prion disease in cannibalistic tribes

38
Q

Most common and most important degenerative disease of the brain.

A

Alzheimer Disease

39
Q

Heme protein found exclusively in

A

Red blood cells

40
Q

Hemoglobin exists in 2 configurations

A

Taut form - low oxygen affinity

Relaxed form - high oxygen affinity

41
Q

Following massive crush injury, _______ released from damaged muscle fibers colors the urine dark red.

42
Q

Myoglobin is found in

A

Heart, Skeletal Muscle

43
Q

Cut off of HbA1c

A

More than or equal to 6.5 %

44
Q

For microvascular disease prevention, the A1C goal is

45
Q

Form of hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide in place of O2

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

46
Q

Hb becomes cherry pink in color

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

47
Q

Treatment for Carboxyhemoglobin

A

100 % O2 theraphy

48
Q

Oxidized form of hemoglobin (Fe3+) that does not bind O2

Increased affinity for cyanide

A

Methemoglobin

49
Q

Symptoms of Methemoglobinemia

A

Anxiety
Headache
Dyspnea

50
Q

Chocolate cyanosis and O2 saturation is at 85 %

A

Methemoglobin

51
Q

Treatment for Methemoglobin
Mild
Massive

A

Mild: Oral Methylene blue or Ascorbic Acid
Massiv: IV Methylene blue

52
Q

Erythrocytes spheroidal, less deformable, vulnerable to splenic sequestration and destruction

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

53
Q

Most common mutation in Hereditary Spherocytosis

54
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Anemia
Splenomegaly
Jaundice

55
Q

Diagnostic test for Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Osmotic Fragility Test

56
Q

Results from a point mutation in both genes coding for the B-chain that results in a VALINE rather than a glutamate

A

Sickle Cell Disease

57
Q

Clinical manifestation of Sickle Cell Disease

A

Anemia
Tissue anoxia
Painful crises
PROTECTIVE AGAINST MALARIA

58
Q

Hemoglobin variant that has a single amino acid substitution in the 6th position of the B-globin chain, in which LYSINE is substituted for glutamate

A

Hemoglobin C Disease

59
Q

Inadequate synthesis of a-chains

A

Alpha Thalassemia

60
Q

Alpha Thalassemia leads to

A

Anemia
Accumulation of Hb Bart and Hb H
B-chain precipitation

61
Q

Inadequate synthesis of B-chains
A-chain precipitation
Appear only after Birth

A

Beta Thalassemia

62
Q

Most abundant protein in the body

63
Q

Collagen is stabilized by what bond?

A

Hydrogen bonds

64
Q

Most common form of collagen

A

Type 1 collagen

65
Q

Collagen is rich in

A

Glycine

Proline

66
Q

Collagen monomers aggregate and become cross linked to form

A

Collagen fibrils

67
Q

Hyperextensibility of the skin
Abnormal tissue fragility
Increased joint mobility

A

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

68
Q

Britte bone syndrome

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

69
Q

Mutation of genes in Osteogenesis Imperfecta? Marfan Syndrome?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Collagen

Marfan Syndrome - Fibrillin

70
Q

Genetic disorders affecting the type IV collagen fibers

A

Alport Syndrome

71
Q

Main presenting sign of Alport Syndrome

72
Q

The skin breaks and blisters

Defect in type VII collagen

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa

73
Q

Characterized by kinky hair and growth retardation

A

Menkes Disease

74
Q

Connective tissue protein with rubber like proteins

75
Q

Elastin is rich in

A

Proline and Lysine

76
Q

Mutation in the fibrillin gene

A

Marfan Syndrome

77
Q

If there is DECREASED A-1 ANTITRYPSIN in the lungs, elastase destroys the alveolar walls, resulting to

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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