Bioenergetics Flashcards
The transfer and utilization of energy in biologic systems
Bioenergetics
Measure of change in heat content of the reactants and products
Change in Enthalpy
Measure of the change in randomness or disorder of the reactants and products
Change in Entropy
Energy available to do work
Change in free energy
Net loss of energy? Exergonic or Endergonic?
Exergonic
Net gain of energy? Exergonic or Endergonic?
Endergonic
Acts as the energy currency of the cell
Adenosine Triphosphate
Give the two ways in which your cells produce ATP
Oxidative and Substrate Phosphorylation
Greatest quantitative source of high energy phosphate in aerobic organisms
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Final common pathway by which electrons from the different fuels of the body flow to oxygen
Electron Transport Chain
Electron transport chain is located in the _________, specifically, in the __________
Mitochondria
Inner membrane
2 electron carriers used in the ETC
NAD+
FAD
NAD derived from
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
FADH2 is derived from
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Parts of th Mitochondria: Freely permeable to most molecules
Outer membrane
Impermeable to most molecules
Inner membrane
Parts of the Mitochondria: Increase surface area
Cristae
Part of the mitochondria that contains enzymes, mtDNA, mtRNA, mitochondrial ribosomes
Matrix
All components in the ETC are fixed to the inner mitochondrial membrane except
Coenzyme Q
Cytochrome C
Only non-protein component of the ETC
Ubiquinone
Protons ar pumped to the intermembranous space in 3 complexes?
(I, III, IV)
Final electron acceptor
Oxygen
The chemiosmotic hypothesis explains how the free energy generated by the transport of electrons by the electron transport chain is used to produce ATP from ADP+Pi
Mitchell Hypothsis
When there is lack of oxygen, there is decreased activity of the electron transport chain
Tissue hypoxia
Compounds that increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons
Uncouplers
One of the symptoms of aspirin overdose is
Hyperpyrexia
Aspirin Overdose: The reason for this is
ETC uncoupling with increased body heat production
Neonates rely on __________ to produce heat and prevent hypothermia
Thermogenin
Directly inhibit ATP Synthase (Complex V)
ATP Synthase Inhibitors
It inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting the transporter of ADP into and ATP out of the mitochondrion
Atractyloside
