Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins also called?
Polypeptides/polymers
How are proteins structured?
Long chains of amino acids
What do all amino acids contain?
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- nitrogen
What do many amino acids also contain?
Sulfur
How is an amino acid structured?
An amino group (NH2)
A central C with a H
A variable R group attached to the central C
A carboxyl group (COOH)
How many different R groups are there giving the same number of different amino acids?
20
What is the simplest amino acid?
Glycine: R=H
What is the the more complex amino acid example?
Cysteine- R=CH^2SH
What bonds amino acids?
Peptide bond
How is a peptide bond formed?
Condensation reaction
What do two amino acids combine to form?
A dipeptide
What groups does a peptide bond form between?
One amino acid’s carboxyl group and the other’s amino group.
Three or more amino acids joined by a peptide form what?
Polypeptide
What is the primary structure of a polypeptide?
A long chain of amino acids
What happens if the sequence changes due to DNA mutation in a primary structure?
The protein will be non-functional