Proteins 2 - w2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the globular hemeprotein only functioning as O2 storage?

A

myoglobulin

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2
Q

What is the structure of myglobulin?

A

single polypeptide chain (monomer)

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3
Q

How many a-helices does myoglobin have?

A

eight

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4
Q

Where does the heme in myoglobin attach to?

A

the nonpolar AA in the interior of the chain

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5
Q

Which histidine residue binds Fe2+?

A

proximal histidine

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6
Q

What is the name of the porphyrin ring surrounding the Fe2+ in heme?

A

Protoporphyrin IX

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7
Q

What atoms of the pyrrole ring bind to the iron?

A

NITROGEN!

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8
Q

What is the quaternary structure of hemoglobin?

A

tetramer (2a and 2B)

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9
Q

What 2 structures make up hemoglobin (a holoprotein)?

A

heme (prosthetic group) and globin (apoprotein)

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10
Q

What happens when O2 binds to heme?

A

without oxygen: Fe2+ is loosely attached to nitrogen

with oxygen: conformational change, pulling Fe2+ into the ring

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11
Q

How does 2,3 BPG/DPG influence O2 binding to heme?

A

it decreases O2 affinity by binding to deoxy-HB not oxy-Hb. it helps in unloading of O2 into tissues

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12
Q

What is the Bohr effect regarding CO2?

A

more CO2 in tissues -> lowers pH –> decreases Hb affinity for O2 and favours unloading

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13
Q

Which hemoglobin is present in developing fetuses?

A

HbF (2 y chains instead of 2 B chains, raises affinity for O2)

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14
Q

Which hemoglobin is an indicator for glycemic control in diabetes mellitus?

A

HbA1C

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15
Q

What is the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (HbS)?

A

point mutation that replaces glutamic acid with valine

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16
Q

What makes up about 30% of the protein mass of the body?

A

collagen

17
Q

What is the structure of collagen?

A

three polypeptide alpha chains (not helix) that form to make a super helix; every third AA is glycine

18
Q

What bonds stabilize collagen chains?

A

inter-chain hydrogen bonds

19
Q

What is the most common order of amino acids in collagen?

A

glycine - PROLINE - hydroxyproline/hydroxylysine (posttransl hydroxyl of either)

20
Q

What are the do the first three types of collagen do?

A

forms fibrils, widely distributed in skin, blood vessels, etc

21
Q

What does nonfibrillar collagen (type 4) do?

A

provides a meshwork in basement membrane

22
Q

Damage to type 4 collagen causes what?

A

glomerular diseases in the kidney

23
Q

Why is hydroxylation of proline and lysine important in collagen synthesis?

A

adding OH allows the different chains to make hydrogen bonds

24
Q

What type of bonds occur at the terminals of procollagen?

A

disulfide bonds

25
Q

Where does pre-procollagen formation occur?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

What are the two co-factors for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine?

A

vitamin C and ascorbic acid-dependent

27
Q

What causes scurvy (bleeding gums and bruising)?

A

vitamin C deficiency causes impaired hydroxylation of proline and lysine (affects triple helix formation)

28
Q

What is the disease that causes hyperelasticity of the skin and arterial rupture due to fibrillary collagen defects?

A

Ehler’s Danlos syndrome

29
Q

What is the brittle bone disease?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

30
Q

What causes osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

replacement of glycine with bulkier AA (in type 1 collagen)