Macromolecules - w1 Flashcards
What are the two main categories of biomolecules?
aliphatic (straight or branched line) and aromatic (cyclic/ring)
Which type of compound forms negative ions?
acidic
What are some common examples of monosaccharides?
D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose
What time of monosacch have the same chemical formula but different hydroxyl group positioning?
stereoisomers
What type of monosacch are optical isomers (reflection/exact opposite)
enantiomers (D and L glucose)
What type of monosacch has the OH group interchanged at one place?
epimers
What does glucose get oxidized to?
D-gluconate
What does glucose get reduced to?
D-sorbitol (by aldose reductase)
What is the disaccharide that causes lactose intolerance?
lactose
What is lactose composed of?
galactose and glucose
What is the bond between monosaccharides?
O-glycosidic bonds
What is a polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose in human cells?
glycogen
What type of chains are fatty acids?
straight/aliphatic
What molecules lie on the ends of fatty acids?
methyl group (CH3) on one end, and a carboxyl group (COOH) on the other
What are the characteristics of saturated fatty acids?
no double bonds, solid at room temp
What can turn unsaturated fatty acids into saturated?
hydrogenation (adding hydrogens) by a catalyst
What is an unsaturated fatty acid prostaglandin?
arachidonic acid
What is the unsaturated fatty acid that is harmful to human health?
trans-configuration (hydrogens are diagonal from each other)
What makes up a triglyceride?
one glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids
By what molecular group does glycerol link and combine with the fatty acids?
hydroxyl groups (OH to OH)
What gets released with the esterification of triglyceride formation?
H2O
What is the composition of phospholipids?
two fatty acids esterified to glycerol (+ 1 PHOSPHATE GROUP)
Which lipid is amphipathic?
phospholipid
What replaces the glycerol backbone in spingolipids?
sphingosine
