Nitrogen - w5 Flashcards
How do amino acids get absorbed from the lumen of the intestines into the bloodstream?
Na+-dependent transporters (secondary active transporters)
How do amino acids get transported out of the cell?
facilitated diffusion
How do amino acids get transported from the blood into the cells?
Na+ dependent (secondary active)
Which enzymes on the brush border break down oligopeptides?
pancreatic enzymes
What tells us how long a protein can function in the body?
the half life
From where can we generate our intracellular amino acid pool?
dietary protein and protein degradation
What are the proteases in lysosomes that are activated at low pH?
cathepsins
What are the two steps in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway?
ubiquitin tags proteins for degradation, proteasome complex degrade the proteins
Proteins with regions rich in what are more likely to be degraded?
PEST (proline, glutamate, serine, threonine)
Other than proteins, what else can amino acids be converted into?
carbohydrate (glycogen) or fat (triacylglycerols) ; as storage
What process are amino acids important in formation?
gluconeogenesis
What do you call the removal of an a-amino group?
transamination
Transamination transfers the amino group from the og amino acid to a-ketoglutarate forming what?
glutamate
What is the co-factor that helps to catalyze almost every amino acid reaction?
pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
In what vitamin can we get PLP?
Vitamin B6
