proteins

Question 1

. Explain the role of placebos in drug trials.

Answer 1

placebo has no active drug so doctors can see the phsychological factor at play and test for the actual viability of the medicine

Question 2

Suggest one ethical issue with Withering’s drug testing method.

Answer 2

patients werent fully informed
patients werent consenting to the possible side effects

Question 3

Withering tested different doses of foxglove extract on patients. Explain why this was important.

Answer 3

to test weather dosage had an effect on weather the drug was toxic or not

Question 4

Why is it important to test new drugs before they are prescribed to

Answer 4

to identify side effects
to test safety and effectiveness

Question 5

Compare Withering’s methods with modern drug development.

Answer 5

withering used no cellular or molecular testing
he used a trail and error method to test for sutable dosages
psychological variable wasnt tested with double blind trail and placeblo

modern trails use preclincal testing on a cellular and molecular level
we used controlled and staged trails
phsychological factors are tested using double blind trails and placeble effect

Question 6

what happens before the first phase of the clinical trails

explain what it is fully

Answer 6

pre clinical testing where studys on isolated cells and tissue cultures happen to determine weather or not compounds are effective on a cellular and molecular level

Question 7

what is phase one of clinical trails

Answer 7

a small group of healthy voulenteers are selected to try the drug and given different doses to test weather drug is safe for use

Question 8

what is phase 2 of clinical trails

Answer 8

small group of voulenteer patients are treated to look at the drugs effectivness

Question 9

what is phase 3 of clinical trails

Answer 9

a large group of patients are given the drug to asses effectivness of the drug and side effects this phase involves a double blind trail so neither doctor or patient know who is given placeblo or drug

Question 10

Explain how clinical trials ensure a new drug is both safe and effective.

Answer 10

uses placeblos to test viability of the effect of drug
uses a double blind trail to reduce bias
uses large sample size

Question 11

State two reasons why testing on healthy volunteers is important before testing on patients.

Answer 11

to test for possible side effects and
identify weather there are any unexpected side effects