Proteins

Question 1

What are the 4 properties in an amino acid

Answer 1

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 2

What are the 4 parts in an amino acid

Answer 2

Single Hydrogen atom, Amino group, carboxyl group, R group (structurally different)

Question 3

If protein is a polymer, what are its monomers?

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

What is in a carboxyl group?

Answer 4

C->O+OH

Question 5

Different arrangements of amino acids =

Answer 5

different proteins

Question 6

What are the 2 types of amino acids?

Answer 6

Essential & Non essential

Question 7

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 7

• Cannot be produced by human body
• Must be gained through diet

Question 8

What are non essential amino acids?

Answer 8

• Can be produced by human body
• Does not have to be gained through diet

Question 9

What is responsible for assembling proteins in a cell?

Answer 9

Ribosomes, contain large and small subunit which work together to translate genetic information to proteins

Question 10

Amino acids get linked together by ______ _______ in _________ to form proteins

Answer 10

Dehydration synthesis, ribosomes

Question 11

Different amino acid sequences cause different proteins structure, and different proteins structure affects its ______

Answer 11

functions

Question 12

Describe the primary level of protein structure

Answer 12

amino acid sequence is formed (joined by peptide bond)

Question 13

Describe the secondary level of protein structure

Answer 13

Alpha helix or beta sheet, 3D shapes held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Describe the tertiary level of protein structure

Answer 14

Singular folded peptide (secondary structure but folded into a more complex 3D model)

Question 15

Describe the quaternary level of protein structure

Answer 15

2 or more folded peptides (this level is not present in ALL proteins)

Question 16

What is a polypeptide chain?

Answer 16

A chain of amino acids that are connected by peptide bondsW

Question 17

What breaks a peptide bond?

Answer 17

Hydrolysis (H20)

Question 18

Non polar amino acids

Answer 18

hydrophobic (inside of cell)

Question 19

polar amino acids

Answer 19

hydrophilic (outside of cell)

Question 20

what is an N terminal

Answer 20

the amino group end of a polypeptide chain

Question 21

what is a C terminal

Answer 21

the carboxyl group end of a polypeptide chain

Question 22

3 types of RNA

Answer 22

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

Question 23

What does mRNA do?

Answer 23

carries genetic information from DNA to ribosome

Question 24

What does rRNA do?

Answer 24

makes up the structure of the ribosome

Question 25

What does tRNA

Answer 25

transfers amino acids to ribosome

Question 26

describe RNA Polymerase in transcription

Answer 26

makes a strand of mRNA after attaching to the DNA

Question 27

Where does mRNA go after transcription

Answer 27

leaves nucleus, enters cytoplasm

Question 28

What binds to mRNA in the cytoplasm

Answer 28

ribosome

Question 29

mRNA is ready ____ at a time

Answer 29

codon

Question 30

What happens after each codon is read

Answer 30

tRNA will add an amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain

Question 31

where does translation take place

Answer 31

ribosome

Question 32

What is the start codon

Answer 32

AUG (met)

Question 33

What are the end codons

Answer 33

UAG, UAA, UGA

Question 34

What is the amino acid based on

Answer 34

mRNA codon

Question 35

What is the anticodon

Answer 35

Complimentary sequence of a corresponding codon on mRNA